340 Kneeland on the Skeleton of the Great Chimpanzée. 
probable; adding the fourteen dorsals, the whole number is 
the same as in man. 
The sacrum, which has a slight lateral deviation to the left, 
consists of eight bones, firmly joined together, the interverte- 
bral spaces being obliterated, excepting between the first and 
second. The first bone resembles very much a lumbar ver- 
tebra, and on one side its transverse process, though bearing 
the upper portion of the articulating surface for the right 
ilium, is not connected with the lateral portion of the sacral 
wing below; on the left side, the bony union is complete, 
and the spinous process is continuous without interruption or 
foramen with the median sacral crest; this crest, at its upper 
portion, is two inches in height, gradually decreasing, and 
lost entirely on the sixth bone, where also the sacral canal 
terminates. The sacrum is long and narrow, having a very 
decided concavity anteriorly. The articulating surface for 
the ilium is confined to the first three vertebre. Whether or 
not any coccygeal vertebre are anchylosed in the sacrum, it is 
not easy to say; from the uncommonly large number of 
sacral vertebra, namely, eight, it would seem probable that 
these also include the coccyx; the terminal bone ends in a 
rounded projection, which has somewhat the appearance of 
an articulating surface.! 
The bodies of the second and third cervical vertebra 
incline backwards; the direction becomes perpendicular in 
the fourth, and in the last three a little inclined forwards ; at 
the upper dorsal region the spine is slightly convex, in the 
lower dorsals and lumbar concave; at the last lumbar and 
first sacral it is again convex, and in the lowest portion again 
concave. The whole number of vertebra is thirty-two, and 
possibly thirty-three ; the length of the cervical, dorsal, and 
lumbar vertebra is twenty-two inches; from this it would 
appear that the spinal column is very neatly as long as the 
1 In Dr. W. Lewis’s description of a Gibbon (Vol. I. of this Journal, p- 35.) 
it is stated that the coceyx consisted of one bone; in our erga en 
rudimentary coccyx may have been attached to the sacral 
