76 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
2, 1856. 
[FEB 
turn upo: ll the moles from uld lead to considerable doubt on this poin 
h here wet beings be OPARI: vinced they would Before AAEE to ydeacribe he two pias for traction, to whic! h Betrast rer poan M aipin Ch: ee ee nnual 
pane conya y I shall c m ur attention, it will be well to consider what have — held this day Mr. ar! r re rer his 
do me me no injury ; 3 but, if n to a wireWOrm, | been the causes of failure in the previous pristen of Heathcote, experience in Flax culture as fo! llows : se Every y year ar I 
they would by destroying hie do me good.” —“ But has | in 1837, € sborne, an Top Willoughby d'Eresby. In p P 
not a noble duke, through that wonderful steward of experiments hae fos lich Bc br bla Sect ots ace Pia ti valuable, Last 
J Pind all th 1 aar Me Aa ra ‘the ‘difficulty e: erienced was, to aoe: 
his, compelled tenants to des the moles 0 any m 1 that would conve (i requisite power without pia af rae sppr think ‘I mentioned that some 
their farms?” “ He has, sir, I admit, e same entail nuch, eight a sonmoanens teetan on fe land. | | fa rmers had been telling me that they lost a good deal 
izards som ii i d Lor illoughby d’Eresby, in the use o ain purpose, 
Mt Li would, e few pis ini Pa naira reer fh effectually prevented the possibility of success in his efforts, as of ey b cultivating Flax in n place of other crops. I 
of rooks ; but | tio friction of ch the gronnd is so great that it would con- | | said to the society, in some re arks t I made, that 
shame, I conclude, and i pow ariel protects the | sume almost more power than it is capable of ing, when of | my crop brought me in a profit of 3/. an acre. got, I 
birds. Oi coy his Grace can insist upon what cove- | any great length. The ghee pe ve 7 to whic T manu- | remember, a good rating for saying that my profit was 
nania De, pleases <, the dawe; allow, thus. mneh subuk s Se e a Ee O: |20 small ; and this Rig I selected a small part of a 
noble la proprietor pi not | to check b ro- | and my own plan, wire-rope is the only material with which we | fie! ld; I} o 3; and my 
mote im improvement, and tt t | propose working. Mr. Williams proposes to mount an ordinary h very m uch increased that it is 
e pl an of the duke’s | portable engine on Regi n ae (hapag it Lechter =e very pleasant to ‘nie to state iisi amount. Last year my 
ca turned by the e one of ire P, 
leases. What would our Pai a aaa have been and by the other passed off; by the other, on of t ire Sa was only 3l. an acre; this year br profit is 147, 13s, 
` Ay for them been e wy ats such as the duke’s leases ? | rope passes straight down the field, ene the other passing slong | pe g 
is wou! yi wh: were in | the frame at right angles to the drum ome distance, and the p 
Tia e See t a pase been, ig y down the field again, running along the frame enclosed at the | F145 Grows sal trea tae! m teen Fans, 1a, On. 2Ps 
ANG 80 MUSS Daye TAMAI ut if you bottom, and meeting the other rope. The implement to be drawn E hak ata 
bring to your a aid this noble | duke and his steward, who is tween the rope, and alternately pulled backwards and EXPENSES. SET 
forwards by these ropes, the two a es being moved along the oe ey furrow... ae ia 7 
rovi i headlands as the work pro; sed. My own plan is to mount ee ushels 
iù defence of Providence and its SR tures s three of the twò drums on a frame, fixing them in one corner of the field, the Harro DEN off stones, sow wings seed and 
bisa heads and the a sats ntifie i w—I portable engine being set so as to drive them with a short rope rol a 
alpa himself, F. d Mr. am—either | or chain working in pulleys. The ropes are led off t pen ae to h, ber “a je 5 des 
opposite corners of the field, and th passed round pulleys, utting 7 2 ove 
of whom singly, y placed in in the F E opposite to hè anchored on a chain stretched between two posts or Recep leks ani Pulling and b 1 
duke and his ste any if ze xe ledge h ht, a i 
if scientific mete re ge has weig the drums being alternately set in motion, wind the wire rope Carting to yard, and rip! ing under cover 1 
would cause the o feai thers e beam. You} backwards and forw A ards between the two ater? ot Hh toms to water, rand aey ni in ing Mes 
observe, th oe ‘Gat wirewo sdo Aaii of | moved up the ty bein ng allowed to slip along the chain ifting out of w. o Grass 
2 “ie E oles, rewormas : heasan Ti the work progr the engine and windlass remain , Spreading on Grass.. že r ov 1 
ed i aN So ea ie p _ ing stationary until wre whole field is completed. m ay Lifting off Grass an d stookin DE sve 
particularly moles, do an immensity of good ; and with | he allowed 4 d that one of my windlasses has n at Carting to stack-yard, pone and thatching 
this remark, sir, we sa mae hands and end our dis- ork for the last six weeks at Mr. Smith’s, of h ean rs = drawing t o — -mill ... 4 
ji enny Stratford, who will ble to give you the results of hi arting from mil marketing epee 6 
* veg xperience. I believe either of the above three plans is capable Drying Flax bolls at corn mill ... des 3 
ts lving the probl f th lication of st 3 to field opera Cartage, &c., of bolls 3 
of solving the problem of the applicati steam = 7, 3 
ons, and Mr. Smith’s ience would fully justify me in ent a Korn 1a. Or, 2p... es .. . 5 
saying that it may be done ata ont ng of 40 per cent. over horse cut and stric es me stones Flas, at 
S a ties labour, Mr. Pania tae s are as follows:—4 men and 1 3 1 10 
ggio 1 n boy will plough an 24 h arty r 4 acres a day. This is 
only the same num 4 Ob men required for horse labour, conse- Total expenses drè tie a 
quently we have all the horse labour saved, from which deduct RECEIPTS. RE 
RTS, — the cost of 7 ewt. of coal, gives aving of nearly half, as the For Flax fibre, 4 stone, at 10s, 3d. 2 1 0 
pesto ivao by Steam. ear and tear will hardly exceed the wear and tear of eight For ditto, 39 di t 10: 2410 0 
A : tto, 3 tto, 2 ... aed 
—Mr. Fi owler this evening read a paper on this subject, | horses. Another advantage he considers must not be lost sight For seutehi eres athe. Shy eee ETO 
Pore Bale we gad the following paren iy its of, is that the land is not injured by the treading of the horse For 60 bushels bolls for feeding ... 110 0 
first stated the problem as twofold—First, the | in wet weather, and, consequently, he can work it when he other- 28 510 
ap lication of steam to fel operati ns; second h the wi ould be at a stand-still Having thus, I think, arrived 
pa a IP >i at the conclusion that any given impleme ay rawn ovi o 16 9 
csrting ed io the roof À of such of a farm ; ; had ai the land by an ordinary portable engine, it will be necessar, Or, 142.1 tet os 
e serve 4 of such attempts as ha en | consider what implements are likely t best adapted to be | ¢ » 
A a bees Dunan so pekosa to make it Erai Eaka Wie seco cmp ‘think T Charley added, S ovary 
oughing, 5 e ordina! eration of a 4 
woven ae ts re he |S reign en ac | caso mot very nei toe growth Fy 
~| rate S! ee e present wan a rejudici 
ing oniy in detail; and it has been vourite subject of many | Mr, Williams has eukia Ba of pid bathat hro very| 8° that eects charged is put down at the highest 
of our agricultural writers; but neve consideration | considerable merit, and I h oubt that but little difficulty | figure 
{have them all’ much | pains an nse, as, 1 re | will be found in adapting ploughs to meet the requirements of the oem 
is one point more difficult than another from which to approach | farmer. I think there i aver probability that some other im- A 
our cd Roca a py he enormous Pde ha of) plement will, to a great extent, “yoo e the plough, and Reviews, 
requ: wi ordinary farm pressure of steam is | to this attention ought re to red. Mr. Smith is 
used, and the weight to give sufficient strength to the | now, and has been for some ky moving with horse- 
drums and frames; the difficulty of steering such a great load to | power a sort of grubber instead of the plough, and with, I hear, th dad Drein e: its Principles, 
nicety for field operations; the yet nnknown culties that iM best results. But I <a I see g of effectually uan 9 By J ae 
i y e besi ut I m e; no way "Hci 
may meet the rotatory cultivator, though, at first sight, I confess | and thoroughly, turning ov soil, which is often necessary, ny cy Pe come ees a stoli r 20, P li are t 
it ap) well ada y bot! th to Seti air aod dry the stubble and w. weeds b t by Ste im, arliamen 
ni 
wasted in moving such a weight over cor azabi lan thg 
slight an pert sieht Bo Aine 
our readers who have gathered 
We a those of 
er he Sataa from our 
attempt of seems, from a certain 
Patent P haapëdie at the p t that I en, passing is through evolving harrows, leave it gig of the way ia 
domt waste of time to direct the | perfect be worked by traction. This would | which Lord Berners’ estates n drained, 
energies of my brother inventors to a different channel. For field | bea five muita a a tie soil is often, when broken up, ina hi hiet and h h hi Z 
ope! we have, then, but two plans that can be considered | fit sta lverise, but, after the sun’s rays have heated it for procure this Ys es. and. ae NOW e e. practice whic 
as coming into competition, both of which have, in common, the | a few days, it is quite impossible to break it. The sets of imple- | his a fow vad, eeoa goa in Mr. Trimmers 
1m] h preni prop ma ng to use somes por a ments that may be found best for different soils and aro hands tance, at t, we 
‘farm engine ; pose ag any given mplement | stances to be worked by steam-power, will be numbere š . 
that may be attached to them, ee Cee vot ploughs, hundreds ; and it is i sible for me to estimate the ehanges | 57> accidental “success into a system—hinging 
harrows, drills, &c., but they differ in the s by they | to which the application of steam ma ise, nor will my | OD geological facts of very general currence and 
accomplish this end in this resp The o one > draws t the — limits permit me to dwell longer pon it. Itis worth hy of serious capable of course o of as g neral an application, ow 
exits Dy, the drooe friction à a wir ‘ pe, a oy _— T b; firs d careful attention, I think, deserves at once to be the | general] t: e geologist on which 
veying the power from the engine to a windlass by an en ess subject of extended ex oreigattas: * Having thus pd, our 
rope, the windlass pinine itself zipin are I the field by winding s | subject to what appear to me to be the most sila Ea et Keythorpe system bitiges may hold true we do not 
o dru ch and experiments for performing field operations by ney are, i it would seem, Prag E of 
rope, anchored at ea 
I 
und best. Imust 
schemes 
steam, I now have to refer to the other branch of our hehe ee 
boro E ou 
e earnest pe 
plain, they have no 
: H abet 
PA A large and disi , it is 
ners. This, 
cn received, or we should not have Mr. 
of if 
I É If a patentee of one of them. a orses will still be ne o do the ste a 
mine the best, I should not have entered on the tition, and | carting, going to mark any T a p ekea harvest every availabl 
I must leave you to j f their respective merits. Afte: rse is often required, especially ai Jarra Dohi land iarms. Can | speaki the Keyth orpe draina, age as if it were 
giving you the reasons that led me to that preference, we will | our windlasses be made available for barvest work; if so, the | jq mie 1 The Key- 
first consider tbe plan of travelling the windlass up and down the | number of horses might safely be re two-thirds. ‘The prac- | a} aa aà ries 
field small hemp s d round the fly-wheel of ce of ricking in the field is now common, and where this is the | thorpe system does not act b 
portal gine, placed in one r of the field, one end being | case, there ca no difficulty in using the windlass to brin be dra t 
aent v pul ey t na ape <3 at pa t , e ao Fary the corn to one spot. a fix the windlass in the oe drains cutting through the porous Sen yi ng over the 
round a pulley a p of the furrow to be ploughed. | and clear an 80 acre fiel ith i time. It ca 
It is then to the bottom of the field round another pulley | remoyed and fixed again with ease in two ion The Windlass dey subsoil. These are natural drains—furrows in the 
at the end of the same furrow, and again brought e | could aes used for carting Turnips, but if a traction locomotive | Surface of the subsoil filled up ki ea material—but 
to the top of the furro’ g round another pulley, | could be made available, it would be far better suited to t whee ork. | they seem act as ins for w of mt a tfall ; this 
it isattached to the other end of the rope, passing round the fly- | A tramway down the centre ii the farm, using the windlasses to | Loyd ave them his cross conduits, 
wheel in its passage up or down the field; it conveys power to | the right and left to ing Sa terial to the barn, would reduce the E drai i 
ass by its friction on a pulley or series of pulleys | horse work to a minimum, bat ger in the locomotive could not | Which ony only act as ans themselves, ‘pat set 
upon it, and being set in motion, turns one or two drums | be made to do the carting work of a farm is well worthy of atten- | operation whatever facilities for land drainage nature 
moun! a bie tau and oies aa up or Dag 0! poids tion, The great difficulty met with by Ha cock and others, be has herself provide ed. 
wire ropes, nds up and pays off a single rope, winding along | commo) s, was the speed at ich they travelled, but for 
that rope of friction. The rope that conveys power is su this pi se three miles an hour will be a sufficient s I The follo owing extract from the pamphlet explains the 
ported at intervals by carriages, — in order to convey the | belive that a few experiments would lead to a cera solution thing : at lengt th: 
necessary power must be made o and from its great length | of this problem. | One essential to its su is, however r, the u: = ing we shall 
ditienity of supperting it, ps e very small. As | of very high pri steam, so as greatly to Seduce t e weight 
Tightnessis necessary, speed is oa a a requisite, Any derange- | of the (ert ste the rial d as little r as possible. see t that the junction of the soil peer ‘he suber is Med 
ment of the would, ai that high n Possibility of driving two wheels is now overcome by a ve irregular, that in fere e places the A soil comes w1 
consume pres amount of Pow r The win ndlass, if simple contrivance, which I am not at liberty to i scribe to you, | a a foot or so of t ace, and in terk sinks to the 
|, with the ms and ge: maaan an sisa great step in the right direction. oydell’s wheels 
luce the cannot weigh less than 30 cwt., the power ay form an inspects a in certain states of the depth of prij feet = ui 
ired to draw that weight over the land cannot be less than bang though I think they wonld ly do in constant wear. 
one-horse draft; assuming the friction of engine, pulleys, and | Were I to attempt the solution of his question, I should use | havein them this advantage or arsodi aree 
windlass at half horsepower, have one-and-a-half horse- | wheels to which Boydell’s rail could recep esi the pent worksa rapi chim tent of the soil is sometimes 
power consumed in keeping the machine in motion. Some | stateof the weather demanded. Thus there are tions | carefull r the use of the rig or garden 
experiments I have lately made on the friction of wire rope on | in which in my judgment it would be wel fa jane experi- 2 Shes the 
the land show that rather less orse power is cays mika ments, ist, in implements, adapted orked with the steam without anini ‘the or ubsoil. then see that 
to drive engine, windlass, and wire rope enough to work l 8; 2d, in a rotatory cultivator, worked by a portable d i aatia are the 
af land (nearly a mile in length), the krm travelling at a miles engine, with endless band; 3d, in a locomotive used for traction verse sections of certain natural subterranean 
per hour, and rd strong enough to pull up a 10-horse engine | to do the cartage of a farm. I feel confident that a few well- pean difi b ba the rain 
żt that speed. The disadvantage of the windlass travelling up | directed experimentsin either or all of these direction would bring ridges and furrows. It must be o! ctr t till 
and down field is very though the plough may out ractical results in the course of a few years: but I | which falls on the surface will sink d 
attached to er end of it, hing may be thus easil whether it is right that the carrying pa oË th checked by the clay. It will ollect ‘a y the subter- 
performed ; yet, if you wish to pull any farm machine when | experiments should be left to chan her, when so important and if have any declivity will work 
you get to the d, you have no of getting the im- | a matter is involved as the rapid development of steam cultiva- ? if the, j ge ie ty out 
plement to the le of the windlass, and going back lo: it not e to enlist the public in the endeavour to | its way along them through the porous soil, break: 
except by the power, and this, as will be seen, | bring them to some practical solution. lf left in private hands it | or formin; spots at the points anal 
does not apply to the simple rope by which the implement can | may, and probably will, take many years to arrive at any Now com e drainer, and eu i 
be easily turned. I think with these disadvan the plan of | results, and at the cost of loss disa ee to many of a y pws all net 
traction by winding up a wire rope is able, and it | deserving but unfortunate class of men, whereas I feel contident | Across the subterranean watercourses diagonally, 
is much simpler, having fewer wearing parts, iable to | that with public assista: a abort RaT ooie Un d to solve a A amei en rra 
derangement, and more easily managed. The t tions that at present seem most to claim 
a bemp rope at such a speed, and exposed to all sorts x that no doubt would 7 magi bi 
is a point on which I am not competent to form an opinion, uiries. i 
