a en 
Fes. 23, 1856.| 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONIC 
LE. 
117 
hours late: 
ternal temperature on its centre 15 or 16 
e assumption. Caleu 
and a tree of 1 metre in en only showed t 
—— of exteraal changes in its centre after two aye 
ig akak Ah of the frost in thi 
te: Lanius 
winter show the > probability that trees even of 2 feet 
or 
any + si neral law on this point. anie his researches (To be continued). 
suffer from a twofold deficiency ; first, that aap were —— 
A Enda ar e an AA ob April and] — ETABLE PATHOLOGY. —No. ox. 
September, and that he takes no account of the 
when n, as we should conclude from Schübler’s | ‘above: 
x1a* (Suffoca on).— — [It has bee: bject 
aed with e gases. Su 
retted icaiéein = Ryanenleee acid, and 
death or violent disease b asphyxia, 
in the human frame. ne co Pe f 
0. 
arises from the necessity of getti: 
kalan acid, sulphu- 
others produce 
rege 
of iste whether plants derive their Sanici from 
r fro 
the manure mixed 
436. Some plants, — perish by asphyxia from 
and secondl y, that his method gave no certain results, 
whic! + 
as the thermometer 
had, on each 
mercury was visible, cence vided wi 
column long ap for the thermometer to be ay off 
rocess varies with the 
eath in 
one 
MAY. 9O: Teg 
Other plants of 
Where 
q 
the "ground i in which they gr row, Soi ome | immersion in water, pe - 
ieee j sa days Ai 
tree 
ocea sion of sa ot ted w to be pan which constitutes a reservoir. for nutritious ma to eps pr same end in anole, 
d from the air, wh ile, others contend that ‘the different constitution require such i immersion. 
fe. aa “te le of t 
he nutriment is abae. by means of t 
of a 
spongelet in the shape n aqueous so olution. The 
J 
L } N siie 
mewhat higher degree. 
RT. de: 
tion i is soya yet fully pai and requires fur 
investigati 
2d. Were ‘the trees which I observed frozen through 
=e aronet when they burst ? The answer to this 
pame tar e ques- | ai 
ther byi 
e quantity 
a 
other f tion is derived 
ft sprin 8, while the humus itself su upplies s its 
sh the slo’ 
The several matters entering 
‘which ii is s composed 3 
ter on one side supply | the exigencies 0 of the 
h befi 
with | the 
karren llud 
‘4 
Dise 
was shown ore 
0, which is “ee partially mn that I can unfortu- 
f epee substances oxygen is constantly evolved ; 
and as the fixation of carbon takes place principally 
s 
ncy of light, in its presence ox: i 
age 
mn, 
gentleman 
e Corres espon ndence 
Hom 
in Winter Spinach.—This uoe was 
valent i in eA neighbow urhood e 
were 0 
n 
a very goo 
who notice: 
but — are also true aquatics to, which, like postio 
he of 
J 
Ih ari i 
sad of which was first brought from Switzer! land by 
the 
ory age yge 
thin ‘trees. The 3 repl evolved, mgs Sa the contrar in shade, when lit tle in the vicinity of Zurich in 1820. It is very we 
py omen "7 the first phoe, eine with it s fla avour. When oe ed Dy 
pla ants free It nie aa i grad 
it does not E yt f freeze at 0° (32 gr Hunter Chis. 31. EAA 3 ag of the four substances, | à iiy Mie away t et nothing is left. fagta was sown 
Trans., v. 65, 2, p. 447) found nam awed tings cup Sy carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, essential August se was seized 
of Cabbage and Spinach o nly fro ? Fahr. (— 13 to vegetable life contained in the absorbed water, as | by the pec and pened swe off though it pre- 
R). The sap of living plants tro in flowers and | tl viously The e heart of the plant 
young shoots at a few degrees below 0° (32°), of which ti ag with apertures i in the horsia: called praya, + e leaves assume 
it is easy to convince zikar in the cold nights i of e a ieee hue and pean die., i‘ have examined 
ent of Warm t ” P 10) |t 
tervention of 
f which it 
neutral ry $ aaa soars leaves froze much 
n a 
is composed entering when i n contact 
so that the cause, whatever it is, must be above ground. 
nota 
with membranes | at different rates of sere 
the th 
the 
Top constituents of neref 
b account 
presen 
masses, thicker leaves and stems, fey (p. Mt) 
art be received from the air, and on this 
eg 
n p 
again in panlight ox ge en will be iven off on the appro- 
tell us 
isaer 
that “2,3 or 4° (4) to Aide SEAR if th 
for a few days, will cause the sap of all tr trees those of 
Conifer t r to give 
acid mixed pis ein water, 
acid w ill be > give off on account of is non-fixation of 
f lig ght. 
4 | car 
Ice 
Ho 
inst. “that i 
in | that ventilation ruins them, 
e 
observed could only freeze in the centre when this| 432. s brought 
oled down — ) t may now | contact vith Jeu intimate tissues of ee plant, but| to say that i 
be asked, did the temperature eve low in the | another important end the | essentia,, 
is — ished 
means of precy same outlets, he 
being conveyed by water i 
houses do 
hould like to know whether thig 
| rag is heme or eal se in its AE e rha 
of your co rrespond 
ps 
Let me also 
and kori is it to be 
naval y is stated in your Paper of the 15th 
ce- not require ventilation, and 
In answer to that I beg 
the temperature of the atmosphere is communicated to n the sha ates of an ex el ide, and bricked round i k; 
th haat of a tree of half a i re in thickness in 14 to weak eye. it is necessary for the _ and constant | roof over hE: thatched 2 feet thick, on one hie pels 
16 hours, be equally true in winter, th , indeed, all tl with a pening in the up bie me- 
trees I — in 1855, of which the thick vapour; ert dia intelyfopposite a latticed window, a ever 
not more an half a „metre, must have been frozen | this i is realy done — means p the shonin which no t | a! 89 that there is ch a dranght through the 
h H imbibe the air lit use winter and summ The house should 
of the Ist to the 2d Fe ebruary, and the large Horse | air “expel the superabundant moistur ly shad 
Chesnut of the pupil gardeners’ garden by 11 p.m. on impede this course of things, the proper aeration or abe “bottom m, 
and the plant 
should the 
trap to prevent the air from entering perm by 
Its di r is suffers from asphyxia, whether from the presence of the arsin, and the with a foot or 
14 inches, therefore not quite half a metre ious g <P ath , or fi he ti ins g gorg of straw At the bottom of the well should be 
Stli February the thermometer was at 2 P.M, ith fluid which impedes th plishment of need , £ faggots resting on sleepers s, pointing $, 
pene A | (23° F.), at 10 r.m. at —8° 3 (1 ) ; in the | vital pro vs rain, “so that t any water may be rried off. An 
‘course of the night of the 8th to the 9th it sunk t 433. The ducts appears in | ic none constructed like mine allows of ice being 
— 15° 4 (— 3° F.); onthe 9th at 6 a.m, 5 indicated i f frak structure ai pe exists between | taken from it every day, with very little if any waste, 
— 13 9 (+ 1° 0 Ai 3 at 2 P.M. — a 6(+6F). A d cli or even in | is far preferable to any other kind, and may be made at 
in a tree of hal a metre, acco ing | to Rene, th iff diti The stems are | less than half the cost of the ol ice-house. 
p i bject to violent torsion and compression, and e ere- | My ice lasts through the who at the end is 
14 to 16 hours, it would in this hes d fore to i large: n | rarely exhausted. B. W. [We 
be voor to 12 pii ; yet not priek so, there EET [the question et robert cd i by 
some differen: What is this difference ? Schiibler, "434, A small Aena ement indeed of the constituent | Wmieh 18 ys ruin 
the extremes oi pepe rs a the tree he observed, parts of the Tee in which plants are placed is Ba Bog (Bolax glebaria, Comm.) of the Falkland 
found it once, on the 8th January, 1828, 10° 5 (24°) ; h her animals, | Zslands.—The museum yal Gardens of Kew 
‘and on the 8th March even 11° 2 (25°) an| Ap of carbonic acid in light is | bas just been presented with a noble specimen (dried) 
the He gives no data for the explanation of not injurious reo it roid be i in n the shade. Respect- | of this remarkable plant, by George Rennie, Esq., late 
this difference, which bly did not occur in our e, ing the effects of nitrogen there is a Aa page of | Governor of that settlement. The woodcut, in Sir James 
d in most instances found the difference be opinion, Hydrogen must certa psd xercise a Ross’s 
r found in January, to give th 
Ponertal influence, because in i vegetab! 
blanched, as related by Humboldt of ses 
cate a the Freyberg mines, where the atmo- 
sphere contains hydrogen (133). 5 i, genses m 
=a hee that there must be 
n the matters supplied 7 and ‘the keesaan o 
vol. ii 
the best 
e Àn 
ve prevailed in jai centre 
yhes 
and hence arises the necessity in artificial atmospheres, 
throughout by 6 P. 
established and at the 
f taking care that a proper ventilation is 
same time a condition of the air 
i., p. Bee, represen 
tufts of this plant constitute a 
account pater Ei 
were phere ye frozen before ti It 
dry as to cause “evaporation, or so moist as to preveni 
In the one case the leaves will a in 
he gro 
ardian cases proves that ventilation is not necessary 
lants will not, however, thrive if air is com- 
etly closed bottles. 
ys | woe inthe -tyaneport of plants miata emg 
oaded with smoke, is no proof that | 
vince they are 
It Hooke 
are worthy of adop- | 8T% 
e of 
strikin stone det În the, counts s where 
d : efore the Falkland Islands,” ade 
ve over his head 
seal 
| fruit cannot be ‘expected p03 such rengent 
ine 
illocks, i? 
ae, 3 3, 
ant had 
ina 
empera' rature of his s Poplar 
sme time sown to —7° Aoi = rox depth o of 5 
yh eit ag uentl 
o that roan Schiib! i ts in i re mni with 
imself, and some e crept in, and his 
with change of ai 
If the day be 
and uni sasha’ wastate so hard that one may uen re 
knuckles’ on them. warm, 
ir 
435. if improper proportions of aa constituents | 
rie re and Batas 
7 I have asek t thon, ought it necessary ae into the 
subject of hc em as it is conte EE in age new edition of the | 
ao Horticulture” in such as almost to exhaust 
inn Asien 
f We may refer for a good botanical 
plant to Hook. Ie, Plant, vol. iv., t. 492. 
Kera 
-drops or tears of a viscid white gum fiow from various 
