268 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [Apri 19, 1856. 
ntleman for some informatio: t dem ation that the complete sewerage of % statement of the ising es ot Hii: ng var 
ing the feeding sd gen management a “hi cows ra, | 1000 ho "houses, adier the peaches surface traen act gs of ‘ie val oL tag g tit tor the 
if he we at th ti kind] H | sti ‘oofs of houses may be absorbed, disinfected, and ren. le bts oa 
and 0 ue same time kudly comm ej dered pew sie nt on about 200 acres of ordinary land. The other “Tis a simple machine for mo ving earth or 
some few hints of his dairy processes and ieee promi | instances of the application of sewer-water to agricultural pro- ranma ba ren cits The import- 
he would i s duction are generally, as at Edinburgh, Milan, the Clipstene 5 will be understood 
[“ J. od another "aaa, ot pori en T. z > eadows, the Duke of Bedford’s water meadows at Tavistock | VY all conversant with rural improvements. In the case of 
aes ee e irrigations chiefly with the surface washings of the streets enlarging fields, levelling banks and mounds of earth, lowering 
p pal the overflows of decompose from cesspools, drains, headlands, filling up pits and holes, and makin Toads, any 
a re l se t, which is the strongest in periods r wt entad e Armii of ear atten ahs A al method is 
F ut in the of the sewerage of by, fro! general water- ul has to be 
POTIELIES. closet sys and self-cle: alae pi tobe and rs, the | loaded by spede and hand, lifted in one case—often from 4 to § 
manure comes undecomposed—unwasted, chiefiy from the inte- et Ter and Bd 2to3 = Figen Fhe ee aes 
rior of houses, and is the weakest in the periods of extraordinar > - ? sn De » 18 some! 
SOSA AGRICULTURAL OF ENGLAN storms. The manageableness of the Gowernge without large res z | like a — ithout a wheel or legs, with sharp 
Weexty Councit, April 16: Mr. Raymonp ere] voirs, or offensive marsh surfaces, lik Sonal er mea- | iron edg t! nd is so contrived as to slide easily 
V.P., in tho Chair. da th managoabienpan on ied areas are ators of gront | ae rth spd Mas Joad lh uning as 
importance for towns, The Rugb coer | sachet that so x 4 1s S ei ne 
aon Manure Irrication.—Mr. Chadwick made | } ewerage of the metropolis ORY be utilised inoffensively, far | horse—on a word the horse draws on the little machine, the 
the following anication to the Council : less offensively th he manurivgs of mar! ens, op an pee ae mpegit a” littl a He b= 8 ba u 
Mr. CHADWIC sag rea of 50,000 or 60,000 pa miles square, about the extent , ng pressed 
am pue ons to persons efron ave iape peras the gtd of the Plumstead marshes a belt of land phont a mile and | Upon, the edge is bove the ground, and on a 
ciples of liquii faainice cultivation, now, I am glad to state, | * quart wide, E at the inner circle, about 5 miles | Word the se advances, dragging the load in any direc- 
so far extending as to preclude individual communications, ae from the centre of the metropolis. On such practical examples pac yp on “Teaching its destination, “the Thandie tame 
those whom iz am, personally acquainted, and who have | What I wish to urge in respect to farm-yard manures is that th draw the load turns over. The ty machine is afte 
acted my ations: e suggestions relate to the | liquid manure pump should be kept going for the immediate deposit | Arawn back fr another load, and the process is repeated. The 
Sanay « of ‘he applications of the, manures. In recent times | 9f the manure on some part of the farm or another; it will be | 8°! ought to be first loosened by a fork or a plough, and when so 
the “lasting” evjoyed extensive popularit, better preserved on fallows than in the tank. In the tank after loosened can thus be rhea ie- moved a short distance. Mr. Ham- 
tiressing 0 age men ry years and h better if it serves | decomposition commences, it not only wastes but becomes a| Mond has been good enough to send me a model of a little 
is deemed sound agricultural hus manuring | Urce of danger to the cattle in the shed; inasmuch as tom the machino for a similar purpose, t is somewhat like a barrow 
with solid bones was once preferred ; but this practice has been | Manner in al Bad tanks ave been commonly constructed, | Without legs, with the bottom taken out, Bare dawa on loose 
teoken in a breaking the bones, and still more by pnl- they are too fi ntly retorts for the generation of sitet aot earth, and then dragging it along the gro a apeina its destination, 
them; and by the experience of immediate and more | S*5*%, the drain from the shed serves as the neck of the | I bring these implements forward, hoping they Tiny eee 
heavy as against the lighter though more lasting production, | "etort, to convey the gases into the shed where they are sure to a Mats and improvement. Mr. R. Stephenson, C.E, with 
With the farm s of the older habits, who are accus to | Operate to a greater or less extent inprima In Flanders and | Whom I have had the pleasure of acting on the late Commission 
deem only that whic o be moved by the spade Holland where the sheds are kept remarkably clean, the escape | °° Health of Towns, &c., and whose name is known throughout 
er the fork it is a great upturning of the ideas and of practice | °f the concentrated gases from e long Kept liquid manure of | Europe as one of our ablest civil engineers, tells me that hitherto 
to treat, as I have presumed to ao that o only as economical and | their tanks have in certain conditions of the atmosphere been oat earth Wo is carried on in the old way, Fi the 
proper manure ariel is o only t by the s or the | Productive of great mortalityamongst the cattle. ept | Sil in barrows or carts, aud loading it by spade or forks, It is 
scoop. But em he e aeto wih die aod ified manures convert the tank into as dangerous a com evident that any fi implament which youd Bes!) the cost 
have now pan many of pepan em bailiffs, who b èa pool or -fosse as such as those which pollute the air, and the | 0f these Meera would, in this country, be valuable, I 
cated to gife one dressing for two years, or on ng interior of the houses of Paris. In the new cultivation 10 | therefore have ventured to bring this matter before the | 
season, to give—four—eight—and even 10 dressings of liquifed | dressings with liquified farm-yard manures has been deemed trusting others n may improve on the hints SRRI gir, 
and diluted manures. The bl and this “everlasting | ? Bye ory app an. Zat to mieh an sopieanon a a: e late Rev. William Rham, is Paper on the 
work » “which would ‘a arar” as been superadded, as — ain, whilst liquifie 
E mag fencralty os i ted to cower, as cad anora aangee. sigre Tamse var merg Balomni e wim agriculture yr na Mabacnds. p published i in the second 
Bat even with yields 45 bushels of Wheat, where 22 and at the | *Vilable. Irely upon the evidence of market gardeners as to Society’ s Journal (page 61), gave a 
utmost 30 had been got before; with even 10 dressings instead of experience of many years for the fertilising power of farmyard Sawing i ii escription of the implement referred to 
one: with donble, le, and è with quadruple ; I have manures upon the same crops year after year; and the market by Mr. Slaney. 
still to present f with an aspect of dissatisfaction, and make gardeners to whom I have shown the re ts obtained on the Drw D 2 di 
against remaining sins of waste, and talk even of | 8€¥ liquified manure farms, exceeding, as they have already EP-DRAINING. — An interesting iscussion took 
this practice as backward. I have visited the farms of forward | 4M¢, all other agricultural production, deem that production place, which we regret that 
an prr aerian arabin provers during the last year and | 8% Sei ehrt é Pnt AN eo: Hy! cee to give, on the question of ro d n quency of 
year n 1 g S; an e n : 
tolerably compl ete or a'ai 4, Re biei still us the evidence of horticulturists of practical experience and much drains on di woh soils. Mr. Beale Browne hoped a 
or opechanpe artificial manures, whilst they bad ae the cattle superior production in quality as well as quantity, in asserting lecture ha be given before the ‘Society on this sub- 
heaps of decomposing dung which ought not to have be expediency of far more frequent applications of liquifi ject. had heed 4 feet the most useful de ep The 
Frentean: w liquid manure tanks were stinking with the | Manure than has y € y most of the managers Sc ata of depth in 
escape of the products of decomposition—denoting the extent of | °? liquitied manure far Fapa my saree justifies Pp ees id i 5: 
waste which is preventible by putting the manure in its right place. | Me in saying that not "10, but more than 20 dressings in the meeting to be from 33 to 4 feet, and the ee? 
One eminent! successful im r isa guano merchant, an ree the on, proper! a pii d, mil be attended with | while of 10 feet) had. pees found 
excused for displaying to the ‘farmers a liquified appli- Mog te e applications of liquified manur ing i i 
eation on his farm, the poworfol effest of his ASER srp the cereals be rmitted or moderated during the pericd oa be Pú na re : pge faiti H 
farm manager h s also excusable prepossessio Ai 6 wth, to avoid ca the vegetation too far into stalk and | #&¢ never vA weis Age es fail if only 
special ures, which Bae Deed sh Ovekt Oy í leat. But horticultural experience shows that when the leaves | properly aaa + > rea had found eet the standard 
Sein ark pera wc | el grips teen treat sey wih the rine mot nearer, than 24 fet whe 
o make the corn plump and heavy. A : ` 
= sagen needy Ree ee yard tall resents i Ifthe soils are light and the weather dry, the food may be | Closest coil. Mr r. Slaney ha had used 4 feet deep and 36 
the unused dung, andi in n the products conveyed in the liquid twice a week. eit may convenes t et ae 
from the stagnan oe th, the demonstration Tot Temo ea standing crop by a hose with lateral apertu MISCELLANEOUS Communications.—Cou: 
the presence sof ned o Vcr missed > The em bret ates E i oft pusas ad fo of it cons sittin iena Burgess and Koj, transmitted the renl lof oi 
which I obtained from trial Take oor tis’ iene 
f 
I wish Bs Sm ress is th that it is 3 More economical (privat ely prnh of their respec: ctive 
have the manure on the land than in the tank; that all dela: iy t 
Laet- aeb. sa brs alter at S Joaky pepe imple on 28 of the application we fete rory n has commenced is waste- ad, havi ial z di tle. 
extended bythe Wwientific Aar l e Reta war and | ful na daigdrons: =e until the vans of the farm-yard tox be xefertace as pigs st a 
others, have boer aaiecbord a atk ist used up, an ial nanmi superfluous, and The Coi aes adjourned to 23d of April at 12 
number of the papano tier es the corrobora- | they do not yet know ow bow far it will go. The information | o’clock, when Prof. Way hag dekvet a age «On 
tion has been accidental. Thus on one farm very capacious | | Pave received warrants me in saying that ie Baek of the | the P f Chemical Sci both and 
tänka ‘were filled by the solid deposit, ñd they Pa aon to be | Hiquitied manure farms may by this course far exceed their Bg ged cg menos vga 
everflowing and the unused liquid manure running down a lane. | Present aay Abroad, in reference to Agrieu 
‘The farm manager was for the removal of the solid deposit by | _1 answer to the inquiries of Mr. Slaney and other members, ———— 
hand labour and cartage, owner suggested that the tanks | 23 to thee tey p radh of the process, Me Chadwick kora that Mr. 
might be more conveniently heaply emptied by pumping the Walker had intormed him that he estimated the establishment A pí ty 
contents on some adjacent fa to which “it contd do charges and working expenses of the new works, etenasatiginds, ba arer 8, 
harm,” and although it was in the winter, if the rains were Btu pipes, and labonr of distribution, at 17. per acre per annum ; but 
very heavy as to wash it all away it might do good; at was for pi ver double the area that would in future be 
and this course was taken, nnd the auecending rains were very | WEL) and Mr. Chadwick said that aerording to the best | Qa Agricultural Chemistry an aud he Nire DhE 
, but e surprise of all the summer = Won E aay ee ol E 
where displayed Epee splash” the effects of ce EHALA the establishment charges and working expenses, includ- perties of Peruvian Guano. B J.C. Neits PGS, 
tion of the re in the preceding winter, affording ing 10 dressings during the se h nse F.C.S., &e. Four edition, gman & 
large scale a demonstration that liquified manu h additional dressing of 20 tons of liquified manure ( These lectures have been delivered in many ier 
in mechanical suspensi the Baron Liebig and other watering with simple water) by steam-power, was stated at about th try bef f: > club: d tural 
of solid man hi umed and alleged, but are is. under ordi circumstances. ere gravitation w p cpun A AR aar Son , agri 
Okana xockived: tn: on. A familiar ‘proot:o) obtainable for pipe distribution, the cost might be set down at | meetings. Mr. Nesbit has the power, as he prov 
the combination i ihe i suppression of offensive ban ER at, pan mak ni dows and got inton Howeve: last Monday, of commending and explaining his subject 
ow = s en lai aid down, and got into work on the ‘ Saa i: è: i 
prank for sanitery is al tak a” h i A im: | taiyo Rhye ck A light lands à well 63 by to agriculturists ina remarkable degree. And having 
economy, i prevention of the n agricultural | Zravitation, which would afford farther date, Tt had been statea | mixed much with farmers, he is tter able than man 
Mr. Walker, of Newbold Grange, near i cimetv deviation from the principle that on some liquid. manure | agricultural chemi z gi 
whole of the sewerage of t d AR s guano or solid eo was still applied as a dressing, but | suggestions. The he has blished contains 
gi important demonstrations of the principles for 
almost invariably this manure was “ was! = in” by the applica- 
tion of plain TARI thatis to say it was liquified o1 ed n the ou nd, | four of his lectures, together with an essay on Peruvian 
i nstead of in the tank, and this was only another and commo! onlya | Guano, from which we shall next week make an extract 
umsy m 
sS OW 
which I have contended. ee pt Monday throughout 
the year—and except days of very severe frath--thalse werage 
mode of applying the principle. on the cuales of su supplying g guano to the soil. 
iseussion on this subject we must unavoidably | We may mention as illustration of the way in 
t ill k which Mr. N 
PE 
" Frencu Pines.—Mr. Baskerville Glegg, having found | by English agriculturists, that, on th ote 
gga ‘ion pre gad Sete, it a ral that the 1 diak se he presented to the > Cou alle on a far mee at the Central Farmers’ a on Monday 
stage of decom posits tion. The wae yrs b09 | form: ad et n exceedingly oa. on his ing last, several gentlemen expressed their desire 
houses has some odour , though alight; buthes not the odetir of estate j in Cheshie, favoured the Council with the follow- & offer t to Mr. Nesbit some testimonial of the ee 
and does smell half so bad as the old cess- ing statement respecting the foreign cultivation of that | tion with which they a, the valuable services ! 
er ee era opel any one who goes to the s had in this wa: y rend dered to’ agriculture. subscrip- 
convince himself. All the refuse matter of the town dis- seu pe ood, of Ockley 
into the house drains by 9 o'clock will, during nearly “The 2 Pinus maritima has long been extensively cultivated o waaay Mr. J. Wood, 
800: in the year, be u a eh taniy apin the waste lands in France, and is particularly calculated for rane Manor. opp ae the chairman for the year, has con- 
the bei’ votabiuation’ ith the toe oF tae ing on. the sand hills on on the sea coast, as it is one of the few of ted to act as treasurer to the fund, and Mr. H. Corbet 
i of the gs switchs: e “nig: bo the tribe unaffected by the sea breezes. The mode of culture | SeN 
peik gh ge sud preserved’ NOR oi geno consists in breaking up the surface and sowing about 20Ibs. of | as honorary secretary. 
usually before 10 o ce Within -Mtek is Man cake seed to the statute acre. It vegetates a 4 pes well, and the es 
hour. Usually—not many days see upon the Grass paiere sar Amm ore af th sticks th ki the htt “to thie 
land—the walking-sticks the in to t . 
sheep pae be ich ate tect i Wand are fed ii id them out. The first use made of them is to flan. ot Vines, a Calendar of of Operations 
it. informs me that when an accident h áa ooairiat to thi there used as a for the railways, and put to different purposes 
4 years’ growth; by time they 
have boka: anneal, M APRIL. 
engine, the works t 
days bubbles of gas are evolved, and ii mani regular istano, and are called upon to pay their yearly Soak: Cuesurrg, April 9.—The weather for the last eight bg toms 
3 pik to say, waste commences. ace it yg ars is raat Gio This is done by a strip of the bark being taken off about the width | been most favourable for all field ‘hon epeat ig ulage. Theta 
is of importance to avoid bo Aang a ame ee isôe of the hand and 7 feet high. In the summer the turpentine | generally are very forward with lpr} 
a eeuesy as practicable, before the decomposition can com- een from the wound, and is scraped off as it forms; the fol- | Of cereals is completed, or Siri $ on many far , and Potato 
r „Since the manure tanks must be emptied, 1 no great dif- 5e ti pony eee pecs Corben sariri hi peenei heat preg Salon a cally ann isi | although, s as is always 
opener in and expense of labour under n part from ne was first - Soaplainiš 
whethi removed; by this time the sore is healed and they begin to tap it | the case at this season 4 — 
sewerage of beats open a year; eri ptoregone bend = brian get bese he Se foward in a virewon, Er R and we have te E crops whi hich, if the 
whie! 
he finds that pumping eriy day, except Sum chased at 10E a sere Totor r Nie Sealab eR weather is favourable, will be ready to cat for for oiling in in a fort- 
ey ey over y sow extensive tracts of these wastes every year, and it is con- | night or three weeks. This ae Meroe m a other se eae 
double crops in his cereals as sidered that the timber is benefited eee ee Sy te Cees p a cat al cattle are wre fond of, and there is 
were to renew the work he would, process, and found to be harder thaa those trees that have not P thing ti e s met wich that wil afr aoeariy sal eS 
dress- e have seen instances 
the example affords an ARTH-BARROWs,—Mr, SI: yf hod sha fati, ing i anni dure t= C seat, at Ti of the land 
