286 
spring age is one kind of this fluid derived from } d 
unknown depths, whilst rain-water is a kind mir 
different, hating its origin inthe clouds. At pre 
however, we have no difficulty in coming os ree 
po nei hat all spring water, is „derived from 
he chemical 
THE AO Or EES GAZETTE. 
erent beds com 
sf ite usally serves the case, of course the 
amount o upply being dependent upon the 
e to the surface, the same process 
| APRIL 26, 1856, 
| deep an nd 3 inches i, along the drill with o 
area of pans beds which 
round ; if, for example, a porous bed 
Jrs 
ill, the i impervious. ee beneath it me mde 
the ie are due to the salts and gases which r. 
issolves in 
sinking through the various elope |¢ | 
Springs therefore may differ in volume according | tha 
ught; 
lim 
as season one of great rain or of dro 
sh Heid 
hose ae” slight 
ace springs, whilst 
those at several feet or ade are distingui. shed as 
n imi snpply o r, but if a large one be re 
red the i aan ea beds at the broad base w il 
af or ria more ample, constant, and one able supply 
n the more shallow examples. TT 
der that surface springs, i ase of 
suppl; 
uendi in its character. A section of such a 
country . as we are supposing will show how pan it 
re per- | T 
so the work heir They d 
than an quarter of an acr 
unaccustom ed to the work: 
double this s quantity. The roller fons, aad we wait 
r rain 
an 
o not oe tore 
j nN, a aie 
The t, howeve er, to which 
e wish especially 
to ee attention is this. 
of seed per for the e 
Wo have purchased 7 lbs. 
i ah ‘es 
while looking on 
deep springs. Springs, too, must be 
eei — the drainage area for their support 
with 
t the depth we shall have to sink for wae 
is but sm 
to 
or less state of aila 
all Meis to cause a constant and equable usion 
fact 
When arrived at by a Beain ean an „the 
But or ma 
ing in nt We 
want two There ae 
and 
a. In order to understand the geology of water | well known to the practical well-sinker; but if 
supply it will be necessary just to glance at the the continuity of beds be interfered with local 
usual pape s of the earth’s crust; these we | breaks or faults in the strata, science would be per- 
to seg of clays, shales, marls, seth fectly prepared to grappie with the difficulty, while 
sandstones, hay My stones. practice in the mere manual labour of well-sinking 
asses com of these materials i in a greater would. be entirely at fault. 
will b 
Take for illustration the 
h Cot 
fied over aK 3 parts of | the globe, giving rise t 
alternations oi and im 
the 
the simple Ea of springs ja Ligas jae sah beds 
form ray T 
g wolds. 
A R bout se was built on the top of a 
rvious beds ; a d hii and when nearly completed a was co 
t 
a fault, w 
_| planted r 
+h + 4 
700 f such an ridgel 
that number of plants we rt to 
Now, me kna to the table published at pag ae 
every p of seed contains more n 2 
seed-vessels, each o ich contains two 
The quantity we sow should produce 0 p 
= eres vee were living. ough for 20acres instead 
ot 
o 
= 
5 
x 
= sh, 
t 
in 
n 
Re 
Sige a 
peer farsi the d differen nee Heiresn n a sown or trans- 
oot it is Cat to destroy a dozen plants 
pl 
s will come up in bunches, and we 
rain-water, AeA yh n ae pava metie aaor a Aegis Se ae t om time in June to send a number of 
e imp pervin "ones. being much higher -geol ait and, therefore, | &XPe¢' p : 
basins in which it is collected, _ and that, t there much further fro om the im A paia A be a below it | children into the fields, who, laying the left hand 
5 natural arise fi whi ch: he inker -= to hold the best pl nt of each bunch sm with the 
the water e edge of this basin wherever danoi a expetie ee.” BAS pommengitie, § right, sweep away at one stroke all the This is 
, ll-sinking y the operation | operation of well-sinking it so ‘happened that the (done at a cost of 3s. or 4s. an acre. But SERS 
of boring through the porous Teta to the w: hope to grow at least 30 tons of roots xt 
contained in the impervious basin. N let us they must therefore amp lbs. eac 
illustrate this by an actual mpl ’ from a me vit. How deep do one gi spee t <r gegen gen tt gitarene between a sown and tranplaned ha nt 
i ich determination about the depth Geologist. Let me assure you that at the spot you at least 50 per cent. in wt fee our of the former, if 
of led springs is often a matter ve now commenced you will have to go as deep as 10 per cent. of blanks should have to be so filled, 
great importance, aaney | the Aves s; here we | 150 feet. | there would be a loss of nearly 2 tons per acre 
regen alternations | Well Sinker, I have sunk wells all my lifetime, and the is, though not entirely, is of 
of porous and npetvinn a, with best. course , to great extent guarded against by 
knowle edge of which the oper. ration of wel sinking 
is r uont yagi baryon mee ccenele 
sheeting a ma one of the greates nty w ea 
this knowledge guides it. To ilustrate a the 
following table of oolitic kat is here 
Geolo, logist . You take it very coolly now, but let m 
tell eg ou will be disci like a miner long before 
you get i 
At 
rs agains 
“ wasting ” 6 Ths. of see eed per acre e in the sowing. 
ie ‘i was te ’ then en is 
thinne by hand or hoe after 
i}, 3 
quey t to await ie termination af Viak Marik of | 
practic f 
For grain crops and for Grass 
crops the comparison betw: een the see ed we dc com and 
and scie: nee. A fort night after, howeve 
the fi 
while >t a long way off is an explosion proving 
that his anticipations had been all fulfilled. 
How often is it the case that nothing less energetic 
than hard work and powder will satisfy the 
| practical man when a little quiet reasonin 
examination of principles would settle the matter, 
o of not a few but t 
The new house stood just within the line of a 
fault, md the well-sinking was carried on to a 
epth of about 100 feet and then given up in 
pasta ate fault, nee er, the practical man was 
of, and his conclusions, , thoug rawn 
HOME FARM PANETT A 
waret of y i 
hom tea 
exists a very general i 
tiva 
rel 
genera rather looked upon as ease 
than anything ce, roped must preg! it is thous 
prove costl lved 
them It i 
+h 
the sot | ground, were as much at fault as "E 
stratifica 
mismanagement, tiie 
o the iy or the incompeteney of the manager. 
indicate clearly the main object that ought to „Bb 
will at: present su n illas 
tion that a science once thought so teoretica Lis rei 
capable of guiding ùs in a truly practi j “hecxine 
scientific m in questions that 
been dealt with as ace hi 2h oat the 
may be stated :—1, A home farm should set ‘a example 
to tenant farmers in everything which can 
as really in the van of agricultural 
while e manag ed on the pein aa 
E o Pp TSM > bem 
Lal 
E poii cia e opon 
o E EE 
> 
mae ee a Be] fp 
s o & BB Base eee eve 
a st 5 & ee eae FR- pea 
= =. © = 
et rz 5 os 
ee z Se aS N 
<= 
fn: : ee Race a we 
2 
a a os 
$3 3s 8ex828 35 
Te 
2 
f mia pees mi 
me A a Pd: 
obes BaeocobecnBacabo 
Se 8S Fe be Ss fers Ss ss ses | 
SSEsSsSeSeceseeessesse | 
OO” pg ee ae Bs cond Se 
ofan 2884e2S Bor So, 
RevG BEES SE OF ESS,58 
Re SSASSSN get eGels 
gm 2. 22 42820 “Els a = 2 
BS e522258 Ez varg S 
eos sfc 
bo AzG Sear SSESkSSe | E 
paia e ENAT SEM mss A 
Or Zefer E ete EL°s È 
Pes S$ aly Foen S475 =FLa & 
7 © ER p 2m alza 8 
B= Sm 22822 83 es 
5 Bo ae ces P4 žad 
E LA TE- EA o 
A Eas (Se BE y 
E E dte SES 2 © 53.3 
= Ses 2 25 
-a wg os = Seem 
Sif -P œ Ss A 
e 9 5ga 22 8 3 Bate 
g ess m 2 & gair 
ae & aTh a p ü oe Ss 
_ Now, , here the oe are so accurately de- 
We ar 
ell aval. To this end we hav 
9 any | porou impervious one, ‘the 
which w 
pena ny this ens ma ove hae 
— and distance: s of the S wells will give usa 
the co as to your DBE and 
wells in the ragi ran oas iig Ciren 
Nor, it follows that in a dis 
) ill usi 
while to 
any e se, an e- 
quently the eta, kade ce teat placed in re- 
ference to the suppl: 
In other paris of ‘the Cotteswold district, where 
3 bed 
— will usua yt be equal i sek thickness of the | ai 
all 
ver now engaged in sowing Mangel 
an ptim unless it is known bó to pay w 
sng thout adopting fo ormally this division ot the subject, 
which will be most likely to yield good profits, and. also 
the effects that are sure to be E MA in the a 
to ` ridgelet 
wide, and between them 20 cart-loads, about 12 tons, 
per acre of farm-y = d 
pied. | matte: 
ood 
returns being sonjeined i in ae] 
WwW roprietor takes a farm into tandata own 
the A AR necessary for his r 
rs may moye on bayeani a but otherwise it 
that , profit 
will soon be hinted in the neighbou: hood 
Over ones several Ai 
woo 
In order that a fair start may be hota on sound i 
| ciples, proprietors not themselves panoga of ou 
d the 
ctical and theoretical knowledge wi 
bbtain the best possible adviee in laying down a fixed 
E of H ipeton and by all means keep heayy TE 
returns in vi as the eonditions aA 
success. ° Being satisfied that ‘this or. that Pam pav 
h 8 d: Me 
it in their aprons, and each stands on the left-side |; | soil, th t o determine is ite ily neeresary 
of the drill down which they go. Having a hand- | on T a pa ae In all cases where a 
of left and a stick 18 inches | landlord farms his own land it is a that two 
long = the 3 right, they make a rut about 1 inch | ledger accoun should be opened, one as the proprietor 
= ya 
R aa 
