ee ee eee 
Apri 26, 1856. ] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
287 
anri ap istint there will be endless confusion and | d | n must be pea ghee with regard to each other that 
ofits, ll the o on 
her as the tenant. Unless these are kept to the on possible advantage the various sections vation or tillage. , These results in a great measure 
p f the empire, yet notwithstand- 
l ee on o 
ch: pr erection of fi lb Hi and p ami het ated +7 
buitdinge, pres down irrigating pipes, and fi 
exterior or subdivision roads and fences Siegen be te ie if thought Pe RSA may k ae 3 f ansa the ee acres, or more than double its extent— 
debited to the landlord’s account, and a t both 
charged thereon. d be made for o. corn ricks being moved bodily three times the extent of the Dia ted Kin 
ve at ny pro mae utlay d la abou will be" economised The straw ing a pro 
suc! 
ler á 
alone in the year 184 
o 
eeded ihe area f the United ined by 152, 718 
us th 
with ease and dispatch. Provision land in the Russian empire in that year was more 
dom 
NRN y 
The apne a _implements of course come under a ra the farm-yard to the front of the threshing loft. might such an empire becom 
erent gi ly designed tee ae na wang ew machinery ment and a free and industrious people : 
nag yer ‘of the land. be plac ced in such a that the least ye loss | 
its principal , 
n the m. 
if iaaa be made remunerative, it is well to rate the | pr shee.» pin be ameen in ada the est or exports being n 
outlay on implements as requiring to carry a goo ood | sible amoun of me chani ical I abour. Wit 4 good plan- manufactured state. The grain crops 
interest rather than to be repaid in full b; rofits. those in the year 1849 amounted 
however, is as a distinct department of perform enormous amount of sie in the Imperial Quarters. 
ve 67,410,156 
. 97,873, 
per and I proceed, therefore, to treat tt: an a pi operations s of a large steading. It may | be : made Bread corn (Wheat and By)” 
H mode in wh ich $ AA haan outlay should be Other kinds of corn 
| f raid D 
first impr vement. i 
a 
=) 
E? 
d it—work the or manure force-pumps, far t 
certainly be perfo raed with the greatest = sible many ¢ other thi mentioned. ifi it | 
efficiency. The drains ought to be deep enough t o giv the stea 
sufticient dry soil for the roots of cultivated plants t engine constan tly fi or minor “opera ns, a sm 1849, which w 
ramify in and not farther apart than will secure the might be provided for Paci arin nie “7 res 
extraction laterally of all water half-way between the everything going « on in a large suit of offices Tike clock- Bre: f 
drains which will have a tendency to stagnate. Whether work necessarily implie’ E considerable outlay on ris ath Other kinds ” ” 
the soil is of a one He ia a lighe” A seere nature a depth | site fitments, A may suggest the idea of extra’ 
whi ti B 
” 
atural producti ons in a 
are 
raw or half 
jis F 
272 
165, 
12,75: 
fal egards th é productiveness ‘of the soil we may 
rare al aetna judge fr from the oe aioe of produce to seed 
a. 
p .90 produce. 
8. 
of 4 feet ought to be the min le the distance and unprofitable investment. But before se nee a "The pat Kael of f Beet toot sugar, although not on 
asunder in the Prine case ian retin from 20 to 30 final parka on these points, it is well su = a 80 large a scale as i e other European nations, 
# ci 
n 
4 s o ial] carried on to onsi xtent in Russia, 
great danger of erring on the side of cheapness in con- Manufactories in the very same dir r hi of greatest production being in the government of Kiëf, in 
ducting drainage operations, but it should always ie quickening and cheapening production. It will be long mich see tecakie the year 1848 there were no 
\ remembered, as a general rule, that a permanent agri- before the cotton-spinner or the machinist think of than 42,160 acres under the cultivation of Beet, aff 
cultural imprəvement well done i is cheaply don ne. Itis diminishing their paranu ee simply on the ing aplcyroecit i in its reduction into sugar to 
bi 
p, 
not b. to be g oubt the mode of pr roduc- factories, The total production of the e 
P 
mpire, 
secured in the e management of a home farm, and of | ion i oland, in the same year (1848) was 299,238 ewts. of 
the land in any given district, marely that in the oce and c: t be so extensively sugar. The t re sae of ree was 337, 
i ld at > 
pation of its owner shou east be thoroughly | acted on rae machine caine’ s; t re ape and the quantity et consumed 8,744 
drained. While aidie unnecessary expense in the immense saving may often be effected in substituting More than 30 cwts. of Beet to m ia we of sugar. 
sary 
use of pipe tiles of larger calibre Aa is really indis. ae ry ia Sap: labour. | returns of live stock for the oe 184 
pensable, it is judicious no doubt to see that pipeage, There can be no doubt that farm steadings a Hors 
i ed. ar and v alley principle are far ee 
superi 
e'ere 
| i 
Swine s. es. 
Goats 
A 
as at the 
ms of the drains, there is no pt gsined i in open ipet One pe aim in one the former 
veing 2-inch pipes while 1}-i inch ones may. suffi e interior, 
7, 147,717 
bers 
} mare supply bei ing regulated by d ampers snag on, It will ne npt that the tical ie. r 
e the subsoil collar the pipes. I have often | | the ventiducts. For want of due attention to this cattle are very large. 
aai aN collars pae slipped into use mainly matter many covered steadings are nothing else than| Prussia.—In the year 1852 the . Sareneon, of the 
through ae m the part etusbrovers. “Oh,” m nuisances, particularly in summer, when | soil in the kingdom of Prussia w. 
say ay a the coll es Kota out mud.” Suan any | stench and clouds of flies render the cattle-houses 
if it does this, when the opening between the exterior abomination. While avoiding everything like extra- ea 
l of the pipe and the interior of the collar i is as pie as | vagance in the construction of such home farmsteads Permanent pastures... 
the space between the ends of the pipes themselves, sa rẹ intended to serve a prolate arpon me derent | Gardens, Viera, and Ores 
MH a: she am ced Ha oats hy Phen. vader. | will be se hs d iwi it If it is found, for example, Uncultivated E 5 
other,” continue the collarers. nen I under- t. 
stand the argument—collars are to make up for badly | | that t boxes are better than | stalls for siy ene an Total 68,816,538 
cut drains. Let the } be t ught and compelled Of the total area of f the ‘kin om it will be ween. 
keep the b f the drain only idtl of the pipe Jeena if i ficient t erest on ‘erfore, by tho above figures, me R 1852 
to be used d l coll the extra expense. the construction ‘of stables psi e-thir @andenetoarilt was either oc pens 
If ph att d must be picked, little bits wal having a feeding rou in front of the Stalls, 1 there is bes or remain is an uncultivated state. The 
tone or clay Rot mn the pipes to a nicety, and with necessarily a rath PE n the en 4 land under tillage in the year 
propery bat lava} soia is ay well be y diapeuwed with, | venience ; I mnsidered that in feeding the | 1852 ov over Loring Me Opg ia 1849 was 1,195,110 
iency of drainage will in many cases depend animals—not to opal of improved v ventilatio n—there | English aer 
u ithe intak ations F ieie by the overseer of the 18an coal cae ct re labour a ie judicious The following are the quantities of each of ‘the ‘anu 
work, and the attention he gives to his duties. This proprietor will not hesitate to authorise the additional | cj 
and a thousand other things indicates the e necessity expenditure. J. Lockhart Morton, Edinburg the year 1851:— 
there is for having a thoroughly ogres manager ae AGRICULTURAL STATIS amend or saeco ‘ete: tp g 
ndered a Pia - = ... oo oo oe oo aoe 4,063 
able model of good management ; pd eet will be more | (B; y Mr. H. Reaver Lack, Board oi de.) 2 te 7 fang IE, eae ceases A ECET 75,600,000 
| fully referred to in another place. | THE ar of agricultural ie which is Oats cig ttt E ae ce a 
i In covering the pipes there is perhaps nothing equal every seh ecoming more apparent in this country, si cage oe 
to a paring of clay taken off both sides of the drain, | has not only tba been acknowledged on the Continent, land ander Vi Vine cultivation in the year 
and folded neatly over so as to form a filtering roof. If | put the perception of their value has led moreover to quantity of wine pro- 
aaa oc lengthwise in i ti cee of the | practical results. In most of the European states pe et, 799 efm rA 
greates all, and comple n the most ap- | returns of the distribution of the soil, of the extent of| The farms in Prussia Da E be mostly what would 
proved pune s in respect of iser depth, distance | Jand under various crops, and the uce thereof, as | be termed od “email holdings” in this country, upwards of 
lying do and Aree egrets pee S bers A rate oot er is the | | well as of the number of live stock, are periodically a per cent. of the total number being holdings of under 
ajne a a plan position 0 3 acres each; and 28 per cent. holdings varying in size 
| and outlet "By this means a drain w which ‘Tappene to tions Sof the returns are for the most part ‘presented to | from 3 to to 19 acres e Ti ber of large h 
| t the Board of Trade. It is from these | above 189 acres each, did not amount in the year 1852 to 
i whieh i = s greatly ‘to be desired in all cases, ‘but an indis- returns that the following brief notices of the agri- | 2 per cent. of the whole. The prae table gives the 
peb e requirement in the end of a model farm. culu tural condi tions of several European countries ache of farms, 
l she to farm buildings. ps house, ere ape E Am ongst the untries possessing agricultural In 1852. ; 
i home farm should always be substantial an ` d of suitable statisties we find ne vast omire of Russia itself, and Size of Holdings. Per centage 
i size to admit of the daily operations being profitably | surely after such an example as this no excuses as to Number. | ‘proportion. 
e but there is no erie hed Be extrava- | the difficulty of obtaining like statistics for our own Carrere Le as 
gantly expensive or monstrously large. In many in Under 3.15 English acres : 
4 nees rietors consider that the only way they, ean| Without any further remarks upon British y send na rere acres to ort sor acres... payee re 
make sure oi a steading to harmonise in costli- tural Statistics, however, we will pro oceed to enumerate 189 n K Ai 14,020 0.7% 
i atom appearance with their position in society, is t fi heyestO po ee ee 17,003 0.87 
employ some eminent architect to furnish a design; the | division of our inquiry :— 1,966, 00. 
ie eman so employed is, in all probability, totally | p,yision J—Russta, Prussia, Saxony, Hanover, REEE UET T AE 
e number 0! sugar manufactories 
P ' ments of the erection he is called u upon to plan; he does oY es Meson 1 ae its dependencies in the year ended Sep- 
his best, overa mo what i is lost in want of eg rym | in pas ls en ihe a distribution af y akeas tem 3, was 206, and the tity of Beet 
Be makes up fori barre exterior apy - If his | | (exclusive of Poland and Finland). wane follows :— meme 18 ja, ld of li in the 
ployer is pl e general c eter o e English acres. The number of gra pA ive stock kingdom 
ayere it is all plain eulogy: with the professional, Aris : pot in the year 1849 
ane reid of 3 th coi l afore Horses, . 7 
relish. may be g Er 3 to have a very te teed aa private. PEST Mules . 
ase A steading to look at, and it is still better for pro- municipal, ... e 39,138,242 Ea wai RE ARE 
ional men to have the privilege of outwardly embel- Doniains by a lapine igen “se sarees ee ar eae 
what, in respect of prac tical usefulness, is but a ‘Waste'tai a tae alot ascertained) ey GEAD Swine AEE at Na 
br Foci suit of buildings, but these ot the sort) Lakes, rivers, i wet sea ATEO 
hich are se kmde she A iera Mat ae p ag rara Dak y 
Etahi, farm steadin; ti ie 
we ua be: pyriorer amie eef, m ard tise | From these figures it ears that more than half of m oa ee 
mip ee a either directly by a by teeing e area "a the empire PUE of waste lands, and nep Haea it ; 
of raw produce, or indirectly by its consumption and | nearly one-fourth of woods and forests, so that there istribution of the soil in the kingdom 
reconversion ing the elements o f life. Now, to do this remained rather less than one-fifth for lai land under culti- Draai ta tor yest 1058 was :— 3 
