348 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[May 17, 1856. 
system takes tage. y Mr. Denton 
would rom i ind wheter e he pnt Ana the 
that slowly, ‘and is partly upheld by it; but as the 
resistance is alway: s least nearest the drain, the water 
advan: 
up his 
opponent r the inventor of rpe 
amma the je publication of the tet by M. de 
e Journal Prati ue d’ Agriculture, reich h 
wards, where a greater r resistance exists than i is found 
f the mage? 
will 
explained to the French agriculturists, 
satisfied to leave the discussion, for the present, 
a8 
the drain being the first that 
becomes disc! arged o 
the soil also Arana, itself, 
b 
water, the next portion of 
and so in succession to half the distance betwixt the 
nearest d aiy ong _— so to discharge itself until 
the whole the soil becomes released of its 
superabundant supply ; H hes if pe bre e is too great 
wixt drain d drain, the not e 
yee eee 
escape 
It 
rosiy from reg p 
wi ill thence | become apparent thet in saris soils 
of a 
surface, the depth of drain i is 
he has in contemplation, or until t 
pre pga that aol go that 1 think “my battle” is 
come, J. Tri This unfortunately did not reach 
us in time for last last week’s paper. ] 
ould be so deeply placed 
nt by 
ps the water 
below the surface asn 
ear. It sl 
not to be liable to „deran ge 
iS = 
an tage in going beyond t o According 
i ao i contained in the Highland Sc ciety s s Journal, it 
appeare d that Mr. Ho ope, of vie gga had proved tha at on his 
ea rim 
was shallow-drained at 
and t 
clays, th few months they 
would become a deep rich loam. Now that, he took leave tp say, 
appeared to be a perfect absurdity, because they might expose t 
strongest clays to the action of the sun and air for years, et 
8! 1 
they never altered. As to the system of S 
pee orpe, he had been there, and w 
eater portion of the lan a was most pt Pha drained. He 
tageou: 
would be amply ‘sufficient. But if, on the other aa believed that that system would prove most advanta, 
the upper is ke ept in a wet state by the upward | ¢ ried out where it was perfectly applicable. 
Societies e our, Sidney defended the m advocated by Mr. Parkes and 
* sehon oy e | his practice as illustratin, gi 
pat SLE) e made d Mr. Thomas having h 0 years! experience as a farmer, and 
ICULTURAL =< ENGLAND.: and no! ot to ‘allow it to rise = the pressure gierka 20 years’ experience z dra: ner song b say one or two 
words regarded stiff retentive clays, his present mode of 
atit rines M ay t= ding was to drain them 
V.P., in the Chair. 
Prof. ae delivered a leeture on the Composition of 
Drainage Water, for which, on the motion of Mr. 
Raymond Barker, seconded by a Fisher Hobbs, he 
received t the best thanks « of the m ing. 
wre ary action going on in the soil above. Mr. Baker 
ted that undoubtedly the line down the hill was the 
best (provided it was not too 
that a drain of 3 feet in depth w d drain a 
, even deeper than the bare self, as water ying 
above any point Paik drai ned to 
“The manure mentioned in the EErEE the 
West of England Agricultural Society, ae hished in 185, pa 
314, under the name of the London Manure Company’s Sagar: 
ches for Turnips, was bought by Mr. E. Pester, my bailiff, 
of Mr. J. U. Phillips, called and labelled 
by Mr. Pester—‘ 
on investi; 
ee 
z 
š 
S 
n 
a 
y 
marked ‘Superphosphate g iedh 
t Mr. Phillips is m nokthe agen! mt of the 
of Mr, Edw dhe 
Professor V therefo’ wholly 
vai Cc my. 
permitted the 
name, 
jeepa npr 
“I authorise Mr. Purser to publish this statement in any 
way he thinks fit. 
* Bryanston, May 8. (Signed) “ PORTMAN.” 
© 
Farm 
Lonpon.—On the A cll i prn and “i sito 
lics to the D Drainage of Land.—Mr. Robert Baker, o 
Pa 
the 
drain i soil lying above it a further distance than 
the soil below. Pion Baker tion adverted to the 
effects that wi, We ais at a later geological 
| period upon op bees 
converting kes si rao anto, ri 
the ridge furr ue 
afterwards Py: "subsidence ang ep SR na s0 exca- 
vated with por s, thro by pal water percolates 
freely. Haise grig ps whoa reread n the e Ke eythorpe 
tate bt ory Berners, in hich had 
een d by taki reumstance, 
nine 
by fir st digging trial oom at various Sones 3, from 
point to point, and Dane a de observing how far 
distan t the drains ope erate d u n them, ge other 
Mr. Baker said that 
seussed, with little 
rainer 
s ques had b n gra vely dise 
je ay the fact was, that ev 
theory of his own, which h 
Writtle, referred to the vari ie posia of 
& 
g 
g 
“Be 
E 
3 
E 
uch 
cal | aon had 
theor igh a 
practice confuted i it t altogether, As ual d 
probably tal re reaponting pees | in 
clay as had na Sraa San pipes 
and gpm maa as tae Satisfactory result, ' pA 
| Baker then hose indications of the 
ery up a 
e would not zeng, R heiit a amt ar of ge 
ar, h 
be 
gree extent e the pe 
ure of the tik. 
mathe airman said they m ature of the soil to 
ust know the n 
| be drained tater ‘they could tell hat} the depth should ne they 
in such a direction that they would most 
gon 
the ee sa f objection himself to draining 4 feet deep, 
cr eve , pro e no r apart, 
beg the cost abt a rhaps prevent him from going more than 
eet. The draught of the water through the soil, as affected b, 
the air admitted in e pipes, formed the gr round of 
debate between the deep and the shallow drainers. As re ed 
stiff clays, having obse: fissure: 1 directions towards the 
drains, he was himself strongly of opinion that water did 
trate into the subsoil to the depth of 4 feet. ing one of the 
d leasure of visiting € orpe 
OR scoping tha in ty men ns wal. ark ains ranning throi aigh the land 
in various directions w ut any regularity. 
Bets Bal ker propo anak, the following resolut tion, which wi 
That the principles of draining are so far j emt piara 
ology and hydraulics, so as to ren ee. 
eve 
coi arate upon these subjects essential to its utmost di 
ent.” 
i ee, 
he Moniteur contains the follow- 
Ca ttle and _Agricu ultural 
Mi 
The Paris Show.— 
ing oe The Univ a Prize 
: 
; 
ji 
; 
i 
E 
t 
ka 
2: 
y 
a 
a 
5 
a 
z 
| 
: 
rity 
. | indices to the 
Mr. Bailey Denton an that a ‘Baker had stated that — 
f 1856, 
Exhibition Palace, will be the most nelke, both as 
regards | ani imals, erie productions, and “imple. 
| at 4 foet depth on ald n water, and that clay was impe 
tt gs £ +} r a e Jonltnrats. 
A D 
dforashire, the soi 
it bad 
various. There were clays and there were sands, there were 
gravels and there was rock. e gravels and sand were drained 
perfectly ome places ; but it appeared as if, where it was pe 
hed the Minister ape Henria irit: joai me 
| the rma CN already amount for the bovine Tacs m 
Kii pan n ey and cows. 
s fo: 8 head; Eng 132; mT i 174; . 
mati E TA rien å, 184; Belgium, 
53; and Holland, 35. Denm = Saxony, Bavaria, 
Wurtember, erg, the Grand Duchies of Baden and of 
Luxem mbourg, supply the rest of ‘ie contingent. The 
ier ad not include less than 
ing to the above figures 
ribed, $ eps 
= 
s and ewes, and b 
174 4 pigs Swak pave been e kopat inser: 
of 2756 mals. There aE 
plements he! husba: 
ro p 
BES 
Hi 
y 
of the former, and more ‘than 4000 of the 1: 
a tion Cheshire.—Is pista a farmer 
who can ime with adva ae 2 (Cries = 
‘ N 0.) Mr. Woolf says itis not worth the carriage, an 
Mr. Jackson too says the same. It quite e proves to me = 
the gentlemen who have addresse 
tem. 
s K lays, some portion of them w: drained at all, anothe: 
Peter almost disp ing the i ce p < vas oR hallow, and again another portion was 
. eep and drained well. B n whole, there 
le } ° of ONS; perco- | seemed to be a total want of anything like system or premedita. 
ates freely through compact homogeneous clay. Mr. | tion. Several fields were undoubtedly well drained, but th 
Baker next proceeded to explain the nature of Artesian | majority were defectiv r. Trimmer left the impression by hi 
= for wai The $ in e had r that the estate consisted of clays, where rge portion 
ei vel an ord Berners had, no doubt, made 
rred to were produced by water escaping ie ose variations in the soil to drain the lag s, but he o 
voirs beneath. The description of land lying above was | not made use of them to empty the ridges and rows 
called springy land, and it required a mode of drainage or ae cene claps ben very small Reese 
5 * pias rimmer erst . Denton to say that the 
entirely different from land of more usual bene FA = was = effectually drained, and also that the su’ 
k ‘ 1 rrows (the corrugated to th one kex which he (Mr. 
could not be relieved except by evaporation, or by slowly Trinmes) had described, did not exist. The Keyt gulls drainage 
subj t soil. by its o in fact depended very much upon resence of th 
iy. Soil thoi Tak porous, dM. S la Fiabe angen be apihin alri in the kT Th 
gravit: soon ther e ay -< Aeg 4 ess, in which he spoke ose furro the 
until fro: i h statement of Mr. H. Davies that they did not exist, asserted that 
the surface at the lowest point of inclination, or it pro- = Severe geal an tae ha ro £8 
n them. reg: o the observations o; er, 
ceeded laterally and sega to er reign t drain, | ¢ e percolation of water down to a retentive bed of clay, the 
pre left it dry an earar- ind es peteaation | veces 5o Ss Seams furrows end ridge 
e Keythorpe syste! oul applicable; but although e 
+ emn ee si . Upon on of t the ma- | was the same boulder clay on which he relied for the appiicabii 
jority of strong clay soi MERES the water | of the Keythorpe drainage, the surface was level, and not 
that became fens d its passage into drains a rei Desi mae came a kert at the oe of the boulder Ook 
little ii vable y. Trial hol or sunk to a depth of 30 fee 
ati Bhatt F 1 here the culti soil united and a beer ogra na = el —_ big Mr. 
t 
drain, 33 
th, an 
a reto. T is trench was ed with Aiat which 
g of 18 
DO bis tho ron ainia Ma watts. in 
the trench, to the depth of about 2 feet, for days 
$ i it not gh 
the clay, or if it did so, only by percolating ve ss bis a 
Water sinks by its own gravity, and if rd but 
exerts a but i 
a soil of close texture intervenes 4 
Baker had de: owe iar a poroi n 
be porous it sunk mbp aes until at length it | a stiff perae yet nota ore a water enue in ar at che Naat 
peep de- s Reve two clays; one on that kind of soil and 
o had a not see what was to 
surface he certainly 
the 
o be gained by carrying the drains below 
ie e Junction, 
r. B. Wel ve a short history of drainage. Enee 
an by cutting of the spagn He attempted the same syste: 
eep drains on mg clays of the country, and it wal 
cant not to su 3 ye. Smi f Deanstone, then introduced a 
yystem of uniform drains, which wered well, and was adopte 
ghout the country. ti ill Parkes recommended a sys- 
m of deep pipes in strong clays, and this had decidedly not 
wered. M . Denton woul ii saying that at 
rate. wide intervals small pipes had decidedly failed. 
any ra 
Sat if they examined the drainage in any county in hoe SEN 
would find that deep drainage at wide intervals 
sty Addaiennsie, on the ground of expense, but had likewise 
completely failed. So that the question still remained to | seeds they take 
soils there was 
decided, whether upon those strong retentive 
the 
character of our Cheshire peire Lime is one of 
those things we must do without, because we have 
is u roae take 
jm to two fields that I have n the same w8y; 
one half of each resents hirs beautiful Heri the other was 
abominable, and th , that one half had never 
etter one. 
Calendar of Operations. 
—— 
MAY. viace 
BORDER 0 milage May 12.—Generally speaking the 
t is rem: pha healthy, but there are some 
i soils where insects Or 
i eake: it so much as to m 
frosts have thinned and weaken cy W 
sge gh it up and sow spring Wheat or Oats. 1e 
have 10 acres of Wheat thus injured, but inste: of resowing 
bs poche n Pi we propose to try half a bushel of 
the s 
erop of Onis o = r Coleseed. 
additional “sheep Keep,” no grow Clover seed use OP 
