Jury 5, 1856.] 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
some of the ways in which the application of lime to the soil 
pam giia ob 5. Estimate the weir a of a 
mre per ssessing aa. llowin aa 
parece os pahat of a 14.2 
Soluble ae of lim 12.8 
Organi ¥15.5 
Gyp: inal 32.2 
Alkaline si salts 2.3 
Sa ae 13.5 
Mois 9.5 
se 
6. Explain the increased efficiency of bones as a manure ob 
tained ae eats them with sulphuric acid. 7. Give roan 
for the Ais value of the manure from full grown fatting 
‘ab is rod with that from young stock in a store con- 
tion. 8. State the way in which the warmth and quietness of 
festa animals are found to economise res He od, Sa xplain 
berks Bi: 4 by which the addition of rennet induces the oagul, 
ie ae oo ir ge sr 1, Sta ie the principal 
Sone ie 
additions made of late years to 
2. Name ich has 
St 
ai of. Italian Rye-grass, its probable produce unde: er giver. 
bai ok s, and the soils and locality on the farm to which it 
t suited. 
———— 
MANUFACTURE OF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF 
LIME. 
s have been employed as manure, and 
459 
a per cent. Ip 3 but this; The principal Grain raised annually in France is 
of the ure, Les: sted even may be used by confin- Imp. quarters, 
ing | he Soden to t ser fragments of the bone- Y pest er ` oe 
dust, as these will rn Bare aina in the soil. mate anaes 2150.00 
By he ordinary s the very reverse s asiak.. i u 718, 
place ; the whole of ne-dust be be spe? is Sae ase 10,718,750 
treated at once, or by degre ith sulphuric acid, and Te LARAI 
he minute particles are con conted into super- boat foue-eh th of the Tops equired f or seed. 
on hyp ie other aak: following i in propictes to postaa is very extensively cultivated in France ph] 
their s e large st fragments rema ining un uched. the manufac ture of Beet-sugar, which is is generally used 
h r 
igan bone-mills by means of three or mo 
dust fro 
sieves into dust, the patie of which are fegra 1,2 2, 
and 3 Tl 
France is also rich in other agricultural produets 
, | he raises annually large crops of Madder, Tobacco, 
pe, Oliv 
millims, ‘Ke. arsest fragmen 
on balan vary considerably i in size, but por 4 
feck treated with the wig of pai aigan acid, an 
the other portions a dded in the order of im 
mipoine neness. 
e calculation of the quantity of a acid to be 
The farm 
far the greater number belong to the class of & 
holdings. 
| RLE eats EBS 
e| Letus now review what has been stated in the present 
“Long as bon 
haa b vat gheir dificult desompossbily i in the fresh ; state 
ceker return from 
All that was 
d quie 
E a mom paaie ent. 
ais at “iret was to crush the 
mills w 
a view to a more prs a crushing ta ue material. In 
Adeg ry this case has nothin with the entir A pis et 
quantity of the bone-dust, but petty the portions | and t and see in t 
which ae disintegration, such as the fragments | elation these nations, whose statistics we have been 
hose smallest diameter is above two millims ; th examining, stand with regard to this country and to 
particles passing through apertures of one milli 
ertainly d empire i ; i intermediate portions| In tł the wing table 
ording to ngage ilogrms. of the the proportion o of cxltivete | nee to poh Sahai dn 
coarsest fragments have sifted out of 100 sk a on the years for which the 
of bone-dust, they Ecay ante Eee 15 kilog ay 
of En lis sh , Sulphuric acid, and i logem, t Russia rity 
emplo. sufficient fos Prussia |., 251 
26 kiloge Saxony 0.68 
The ih uric acid regnis, an addition of water, as v 3 
English sulphuric acid contains only 20 per cent. of Austria .. s 241 
water ; and not only is water lost during the operation, Bal, sioa 1.03 
but 155 parts of phosphate of lime k at least 20 parts 2.33 
E apil te and 
Althou ig h proportions a are not all for 
ticular year, they may yet be taken as ‘affording a a fair 
e 136 parts of su Agere eu e formed a ame 
‘hen may fix 36 par half its weigl 
of a may be added t 
It s advisable mais to add the | water after the | 
n the countries allud Russia, from her enormous 
pre sons day Feit ed bone-dus ta 
sulphuric phe A 
ed to. 
territor ry and comparatively small population, stands at 
pia tl 
and to ur it in in „small rtions with c nstant | com isons between this and the more ; 
z Me in thi oe eh f Europe. On the other hand it page ghee 
well pre; a great rap er of fertilizing is sivontals to the operation. The e application of “a what room Russia has for an i po 
ingredients, an and} both are in a state of extremely fine | is unnecessary, and after eee À for 24 hours __ According to the returns furnished to the Census 
division, in which they may be immedia iately secirailated fra; hig ivonite Of b 1851, the extent of cultivated land to 
by the plants ; when sray well prepared, one is only | crushed with t e finge: r partie cles are né each inhabitant in Great Britain was 1°38 This 
to be preferred to other upon considerations of knended in nto aie paste, whieh is neh ng for eee amount appears small when compared with propor- 
ate Ay days before the sg or of the fine dust, after which, | tions in of the continental states, but then the 
ae the in a dry place, the moisie" soon | superiority of English farming makes up in a 
a boned ust 5 the Comite ‘de ems process, Appears. griei in the quantity of water | measure for the small org “4 the raced What would 
ring their steaming’ t nes prin- 
cipally lose oe mg but little gelatine, x eg it is 
placed beyond ubt by numerous observations 
practical agriculturists, that steamedbone-dust is assi- 
milated by plants in a tole iis hort time, the sulph 
bone-dust still deserves the fullest _ ree 
ps it until the a a of the form anure 
| ais An 
| cpm s the nemer of the mass, when the oom d 
| of 
not En f the the 
i what would ae: the Heated of those 
ris T made use of. | countries te. able to produce if they farmed on British 
y the treat eift Of 10 th P 
above manner with 25 Mogens. of Eng met ~ It must not be supposed, however, that those count 
acid and 13 kilogrms. of water, about 130 kilo “ieee: which have the largest proportion of cultivated land 
lime are dä is | produce the largest crops, as will be seen by comparing. 
of DEORE o uce Th 
r than the same weight of the akaiti 
the JamE ble with that already given. 
can prepare it 53 sufficient fin ty for 9 penei: “$5 ated bone-dust, but rn i the same efficacy a 
material luble than the sulphated to 300 kilogrms. of th e la tter, and is therefore EEN | Wheat | Rye | Barley. | Oats 
a 3 ¢ w pera a 
A chemical preparation of the bones by treatment | the greater Áa ‘of trans eee | PROPORTION TO RACH INHABITANT. 
with icar acid furnishes a manure th ehes orm be| In external ppano ai pr eparation is a whitish- | hes Bushels. | Bushels. 
referred to the steamed bone-dust, beca the gray, crumbly, r pu ulverulent mass ; in dry air it does Russi 10.0 — — 
phosphate of lime contained in es is arias its taste i seareely p e bly acid, Brune irs @ -b9 17 6S 
a more soluble co nd, and at the same time a | and it may thatéiers — well be a i ustria 22 2-9 24 39 
mechanical disintegration o y tissu pla The mdr i of the process jus t described over Lik ee he 2 H. hin 
en ig er ood qu ties pae a searcel to be an ose alre: phe are, hype Fean 54 13 os 24 
me! ot the sam ted bone-d aesti ae powerfully upon the portion | ~~ 
whie! in com she cithe er on ly the fin ner Le is most oo, T Saune oid ie po In the previous table it will be o! fon toate an 
P! e bo st are converted into super- — ar a very small qu antity of sulphuric acid is | Portion m cultivated land in Begim = of 
phosphate, whilst the coarser fragments, as might and-3. The unnecessary increase of weight | Ì3 only 1:03 acres, and y rb pi goin meget 
expected, have escaped the action of the id, or the | jg pig vice pe distant transport is thus facilitated.— in te p the four principal kinds SS gaa 
whole s of bone-du st is inde ed penetra ted by an | Chemic al Glas ette. SEN n that country as those in Austria Prussia, 
exe id, but th ich ‘tie extent z bers land to each inhabitant 
d into th l sal th laked AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS ae EUROPE, is a double th A 
refuse, so that Jerabl pa apy mecha- Divis a 3—Fr. nae Eao teresting Flani in the Jast table is the means- 
nical divi y Mr. H.R: it affords of pointi f food used in 
het ye is ing to be said agai igs lines THE cultu ms statistics a oi: Fine have been each c ntry. ccording to to Euglish ideas people who 
manufacturers who dry the acid bone-mass with coal- todsntiy | trough before pobie notice by the trttistation are fed upon black bread or o aerate! meio E 
dust or peat-charcoal, and th der it pulverisable, | of M. a e Lave’ Kian s Essay on the Rural Eco pit oth 
alth they not only use a considerable quanti nom, ingdom, compared sbi Rg of | from ti e proportions of Wheat and er grains’ 
rie 
increase its weight too much for distant tran 
kneadi: 
my o ° Un ited 
shi i cat a to them is hard! 
of some of the 
ro bone- -paste, prepare ed with an excess “of V yaer ae d 
e reg agin oe the purpose of 
comparisons tiger 
what probability there is of the popt of any of 
these countries occupying so low a social position. 
It is to be regretted that we heed no English returns 
(nor for ee time gh chance oF ene i iia at all 
t till 1857), to compare with of these 
acid, with bone-charcoal, which — otherwise ie. several Europe far | events n 
incapable of employment, and drying the mass cf at least as fagricalans ral produce is concern count. whos 
course, however, a product of this end can only be France.—The soil of the empire si France is dis-| p king the popilation of England and Wales at 
pared by a few man F a and cannot be bro AN tributed under the following heads 18 millions, a nd the average consumption at 6 bushels- 
into pe Fa tin anything like sufficient pea its iain erence ae per head, both below ‘the mark, we should get a sum of 
— cture is confined to the districts of the sugar- Artiicial m cisions r 7,410, f illion and a fat Deita Wh : or 
cae 4.940,000 | millions of quarters for fo: P ther + 
The f following method is free from this “pyran ai Pahis AT p HOO would remain nine and a half million quarters for the 
iaeia Deto aka ri epi wegen isan ` | Laras doas ie produce of England sed Wale 
s it from his own experience, allows se 2,350, | Lave: i a : 
ae ae pote solution of at . 2 osphate of Loved = sh goa at 13 rte og cine gre rt ii D e. uem 
e 5 É ,940, 
O eg e ein) P. nae rr goas 
sul acid containing a little water, or about 90 Total cultivated .. -ri 103,740,000 | official and authorised return 
Leri of fuming su'phuric acid, but fe bones, ineluding Uncultivated and waste lands“. 27,170,000 In conclusion, we may ronsouatiy infer that the 
shafts, arti i ilages, an n an 
average 55. to es conta’ 50 . de h t capital 
cent a bee on as per} Iti pda ee ya in M. pi e Lavergne’s s work thee, a a ge or oes, jaz pinke "e 
aking up 100 kilogrms. of bone- dast (aking into | improvemen nt and =~ a brought into cultivation. | màs a use ra g etd “agricultural implements, and 
account the carbonate of lime) th E beabdaivaiad. ee f cul-| when foreigners, who are already of good 
nglish t the pihi ha time exceeds oni pii their doha 
sulphurie acid iioi ‘cannot a 36 a 
kilogrms. Many English manufacturers use as much as as | 
* Containing 1.6 of ammonia. 
hundred } 
a of aoe The woods oceupy about acon 
of the total area of the empire, J 
i chemists, get these i 
will become formidable rivals of the British 
It will be needful for us, therefore, to advance 
