Jury 12, 1856.] 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
to rise upon n them ; therefor: very heese is dis- , | erly fail in putting every man | n in his ri right pla lace, and , ai are re subject to considerable variation. The following, 
carded by the factor as inferior in quality. in conse quence ha ave each running in his errr analysis of cows’ milk will show its usual composition... 
It is requisite am o pay Laas attention to the , the labour ‘of = he No. 1 milk 
management of the cream duri warm weather, | | | must speedily be squandered, Eve d the analysed i in France ; Nos. 2 and 3, of milk applied to 
the quality of the butter s0 t A y F pending upon | for the day of each workman be ass pina to ios pres the union workhouse, Belfast, and — my 
the care th xerci ed, When taken off the milk | on the ee r of the ent—when from the fact that a | labora spends | No. 4 of cows’ milk, and N pa 
ti l an, can ESE number of them ding xamined in Germany by Haidieu qe Fre 
for the purpose ; 5 the of an under felt to | I ff but the 
ground cellar oy “itself it i is aa pe the cream the likelihood is that oe instructions wil b ided 
than the dairy, where h heat is caused by the process | given, and loss to the yer the necessary result. pasa ; milk, in fact, rut an pe Py 
of cheesemaking. prays should be paid to frequent | T J! which a thin, colourless, and a trans] sag oy liquid is ren- 
stirring,and changing aa utensils containing the milk. a good deal of thought, and the duties of y day 9 y the suspension 
The churn should | "be pre ared by ya aring, a a eg of | t d | in it f extremely minute particles of y Sre, matter :— 
in it efore the | during the previous evening. What ver some of thi 
is put into it, r the peii e pric aa cool and easy managers may think or say, the fact is No. 1. | No. 2. | No.3. | No.4. | No. 5. 
shoni now be performed very slowly, and either early | that the frequent losses met with in home farming are | 
in orning or in the cool of the evening ; if the More generally to be accounted for in the immense Tae secant Wig = | jean 
latter, the butter should be worked and salted, and amount of manual a orse labour thr away |C dInsol 3.40 3.45 | 
wed to remain until t mapvins before being made by ap anag tt n low prices o r crops. > 3.60 51 81 
up, pa it will be sufficiently firm and ina = preety Take care of the cual chen, says the money saver, the | le Salts J ost | 088 
te for Ep into krisi form desir It is a very covereins will oe. ca rA of themselves. To the farm | Butter 400 | 2,30 3.27 3.0 34 
saltpetre ` ro, each cream Bx n, may b d, “Tak ke care that the small 
bout the size of a walnut, pounded ; it will keep it money the Sugar of Milk...) ) 51 | 208 | 
oa prevent clnessintion. | advantage ; a the quarters of Wheat they will not | g supe Salts "a a a ea nts Bl 
= 29 | A l 
_ The cows may this | month get the advantage | of a o far wrong unless the management is hopelessly bad” 
i 
and ‘even should this Grass be short, it is young and fresh 
so that the yield of the dai iry | 
i 
antity some eeks 
longer b by a the cows frequent change in these almost every case—the farm steward shoul ia ae as Her 
pas eather has been meha ka a 
rr growth s young Grass, so = 
readily satisfy themselves, rag Pings will feod ame 
great care should be taken the only in ve 
access to it a fe ales dail ae ‘ie , as they are very | 
a to — from hoven, which i 
n fa atal i its | consequences, Old pastures su 
pply | 
for the weaning calves, | 
and high dry situations should be chosen for them. Old 
piso Js ak ger ine mo Pon ae food for them, and 
calves so fed As aden ess affected by the | 
dise: on, which = dairy | 
er irom y death in their 
stock of weaning calves, the Prae otek begins to 
show its pias ms at this sone ja frequent co cough, with 
loss of flesh and rast food, are the signs 
the disease. Man: edies are resorted to, chee 
om be relied h 
ungs | have taken the disease. Every m of pre 
fi rig mid ER ping tho calves or on | 
eir health, | 
on 
dry old pastures has pro 
bo 
|80 
s;| The iiai of little things as 
earing on gre: 
results has much need t 
One 
o be studied by the d | weferonse to a pir mie oe food, is an enp 
nage subs tani 
of the most important constituents of milk, wit 
and particularly by those aie ma: 
of othe 
roportion o! 
ers. Wherever it is practicable 
Fe i cog possible done by contract instead | of by 
to the munca 2 to be increased Vieni. 
| rich in ead ag agp 7 ing to Bou 
| ia the seni workman who will object to the arrange- 
ment; but the man 
disinelination to earn an ordinary w: 
5. Ther 
age by me 
e are certain kinds of work | of c 
3 
who knows his inability, or has a | a muc! 
own | it F a “il 
urso. per 
e average amount in ? milk ranges frol 
r cent. ; ae observers niaka however, give 
uch higher ay ag gr in aoe pe 
while Sim n Germany, it to 7 
milk, casein exists in two conditions, partly in solu- 
but reat many of the daily operations which are 
tion, and in part forming transparent ca psules es which 
Wo 
| usually apc maar this head might certainly | be per 
by co 
boio 
ecg. sie nee makin ng, whether partially or 
wil peices to to the tenant’ share of etc 
t to be d for rials: but e 
occurs when they consolidate into butter. The 
existence of a delicate me yey ie the fat 
globules, w which was a asserted to sate It 
oleae he ‘ing, mo RR So ping, an mall n some 
cases oe odie of compost heaps, and "lifting 
a thin layer of fresh milk aye of glass, 
and panied by the microscope, it is Served ike 
ich 
peas a ans should be done by hired work. 
of root crops, which ae exclusively to the tenancy blood, to composed of min nute capsules or 
department, may b by special J d. These 
ra h great advan è overseer’s duty to | globules consist of the oily matter of the milk, sur- 
Pras oF in refere various works of the | rounded, as I „have cii, by a capsule of casein. The 
of them might be Iet by the piece advan 
investing pats ty until chemical means, as ‘a few 
f- SZ ) SE NE Tee aiai 
The other — among young cece which reat ‘of no No doubt P s ploy ga 
c cure is the qua e my or evil; this generally of the ee “that ought to be paid for different kinds | tion, when the globules become distorted, and drops of 
seizes on x ae in the of labour, 
i d o 
li rich pastures this dis 
Sr 
night, and 
keeping them Hoth food while heavy Saves are on i ti 
astu d for keeping them in good 
Care should be taken, as the we: 
lie 
kieh are chiefly fo un about e head, neck, and 
an is Ee behind with his 
o | both a gre 
e sometimes — to his employer’ s interests and other 
‘The chief method fey pe in this country | for the exa- 
times to those of the wor king- man, while 
oes he Soa todo full justice. f p f afford g For this pur- 
is one thi ing in fi j; l dal , or milk 
f 
} } P | 
d s that i is, 
which consists of a table 
re 
which should ne ever | g 
the labour 
the lal 
work is in n consequence 
eat los er. Itis 
glass, gin al bout ten inches in length, ao 
in diameter, and po uated into bees i parts, the 
po 
| no gre: 
Paai iu alia of a farm at unseasonable 
E 
sh oulders, doing well. and the ere are some farmers who pom 3 in n owen 
when the calves should b e layer on the surface of the the milk. 
ti en ‘sit Faroese mixed soe oil o; ase; P l yer, g division 
this simple remedy is quite effectual t troy lice ina asantan mys and i e the 
diti t allow the aaa sae 8 long note i in mp fed t to | cream, is by reference to the figures en- 
ee wel risk =o the use of poisonous olar fit. it j being sacked asters 4 n the side of the the number of 
ich y caus med “ pushing degrees anes indicates the percentage aa cream in 
preg» hi i ‘they. are rook ae than wh olesale the mi ilk. A number of these tubes are required for use 
the ea es witnessed most fa cParck whale piunderers. aap is no ne va to keep fi ooden 
A recipe is added here for making cream cheese, wo rk, As s the wea will permit, it S be | stand, so as to admit of th e comparative examination of 
which has been found successful :— done Skill ht to be so, but neither | several samples of milk ; they may be procured at the 
Take a quart of cream, or if not desi y rich, earlier 1 nor later. It should ‘be a universal rule with | glass-house, or from Au manufact urer of chemical 
add 1 pint of new milk ; warm it in hot water until it is othin oug! 
about the heat of milk from the cow. spoonful | ought. ‘to be “delayed “till the next. Let by Fi mended b; a. its “simple construction, and the apparent 
of rennet, let it stand till thick, then Lae it slightly | means exercise patience when the weather is unfa p 
with a spo d tina frame 8 in and | able for the prosecution of his labours, but when ce veral precautions are n and even 
4 in deep, in which previously Mi a fi Those iaa properly en clo i irga ss regarded 
cloth; press it slightly with, a weight, let it stand 12| who have the char f home farms are frequently | as only comparati us no information with 
hours, then put a > liti le pos more mie ds furnished with exira hands when they rue de hich the casein aud 
dered salt = = hs over the cloth, It 
tenant farmers are, and this is no in- 
pa 
other constituents of milk a rg and gives cant of 
the 
use in a day or considerable setae, at certain seasons. en in | merely an approximation to 
= why home eera if | cream which the milk contains. Fr 
awe: IE FARM MANAGEMENT.—No. V. i, ought to be equally profitable with | that the lactometer is at present genel 
N a farm manager hasura noes a the een of tenant farmers. True, the manager is | ployed in this country, and tha it has been adopted 
and | has secured the services of s aae workmen, he | but if he is a fully quali- | in estimating the quality of the milk supplied to the 
ught t éotiree management f | fied man ‘that will make no differen nce whatever. Cer- workhouses, it ave be useful to c e 
he is to pursue. I hav ve indieated how he ja uld care | “ne mee fp ame ke om te e te ami placed a 
pea the — bes bi = a onan a = | better e ommand of paaa worl — horses, and im the coll t has no ery soon 
lated to “i forward the work and secure a fair profit | 
There is an immense dif- | 
of laying out agri- | 
cultural ak as well & as in n the "hanlog of workmen. 
MET 
| plements; and if these are all properly applied, a f 
| profit under aii ¢ es will b 
iz} 
iar 
P aet by y whatever elevates the- 
ilk. a ys a 
as much work performed in a given time as anoth her 
hice: Prius ood men. No matter iog the oe of 
very so — to ‘ea other i 
ski kill aud | physieni power h 
ch 
in | an oe pains butter, and a 
ilk, 
Lockhart Morton, Lasswade, Mid. 
Lothian. 
E COMPOSITION OF MILK. 
THE mical examination of milk discovers i in it 
coagulate 
= ois soning p. ray milk i is caret pts ws es 
the vessels contain ning traces of sour milk, or from ar an 
5] 
the it will usually be 
observed that the amount of cream 
separated will vot be so oora the souring and 
a nitrogenised flesh- amma compound, | 
hi hi 
leg: an, Par oe po which has the is re spongy mass 
remain emain ibe ks ` "iho fault by ma to a charged against of W Wheat, i phosphates, from which ene is built up, which ¢ he coagulated casein some of 
the 25 men, but against who has laying | and the saline compounds hich exi blood. It is the particles of er D, and saen ascent to the 
out of their } - Aes He may shown to ag a KAE richly furnished pon the raw surface of the milk. The im , therefore, which the 
derstand Erel ly well how the ttot l of beef a ee - = os — propor- slow or rapid a wp exercises in promoting. 
leted, but if he fail to wnt the “simplest means | tions in which t milk of paeis the se e cream us te- 
comp 
bs pacer it bng masar on the ex 
id he 
n = 
well known, 
7 
iaaa vajeen and shows us ape 
