Aveust 23, 1856.] 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
prevent the accumulation of these beni A unsightly 
| pla: gues. I have not however 
But wers 
rhe ‘ela are so PR 
duced. The prene are ical, but 
Scar occur in Chili, N: see carter Unived St States. 
549, There are, ‘however en black mil cite 
have a similar hab and’ are ndeed scarcely distin- 
guishable wi itho’ ut t a. lens, which are far 
more Th hg ly and i seein 
A long account of th species \ vith 
abundant figures, will be found in} rn fourth volume of 
ae Peg ect of the Horticultural Society of London, 
more destructive. 
1, 
agtumn on the leaves of trees ‘which have proce 
honeydew. 
D 
5 
PRACTICAL LESSONS IN BOTANY ae 
= ae aa ge OF ALL CLASSES.—No. V 
p y e those Whièkiare athi rite? By Henstow, M.A., Rector of R: a A 
before us, and a diff Kis re paak Primrose (Primula vulgaris). The 
550. The first hanh Cowslip and a 
in which the parasite on examination presents the Cohesion.—The the calyx, 
aracters of Antennaric, consisting of branched moni- they are AER or grafte zd mn ie their = 
liform often ape rticulations, some of which throughout a c ible sation me ee ength, Th 
swell out into daa angium, which either contains | €21yx consequently becomes a sort of cup-like tube sur- 
minute spor in rounding the other floral whorls. Whenever similar 
accom g tty of ari are thus more or less grafted together 
ew Stephensii, they a id to “ co 
rk. ycung plants There are five petals ‘to the corolla, but these also 
in miniature (see Gar- cohere, and Irmana 7 below, which ennd 
dener? Chronicle 1844, abo ove into a bo rder e lobes, “indicating t that 
p- 851), which are at once i 
dev eloped under favour- N.B. ERE to ‘old notions this calyx would be 
considered as composed of one sepal lomo) 
rupture of the walls. | Partially divided into fi pigeon The corolla 
These are not very com- e petal (monopetalous) 
mon in our own country, 
t in some countries 
they abound to an excessive degree, and nowhere more 
Somes n New Zea lan d, the Auckland and Campbell 
Ia} 
Adieion—Ther are “five stamens attached to the 
| wi ith the floral areata th dus they cannot be detached 
so as to expose it uninjured. 
Incomprers FLowers.—There oT een inwhich 
nly one kind of the es- 
- | present, 
The cube ind. will 
> wel be found i in other 
2 rs either on the 
t, in 
pos 
peti the 
common Hazel ( us 
avellana), or a dif- 
tirely bin eai S and 
the PEASE k map of 
the fiow then 
generally ‘Protected by 
into a praia mass. As 
an example w ay 
refer to the flowers of a 
ill r Poplar, but 
Wirow. without further com- 
ment than is required to show they consist of either 
stamens only EJ 4 a n yn 
tube 
This gion of the stamens is owing to the greater 
ina one species (4. scor iadea, Berk.), the threads project 
Heaps oF. —A very large number of plants, 
especialy one particular group, Composites (Composite), 
por por of their filaments being united or grafted with 
ps 
d into 
the c rolla. If the tu x 
liek 
br ugor chi Ca 
and compacted as to look like cinders, and a appro ximate 
to the American genus Scorias which covers various 
=, substances with a moist black spongy crust 
or three inches in thickness, 
ached o r cohering portions 
of the filaments are ne amen to the bottom. When 
dissimilar parts belonging to different ed Pecan are 
thus grafted together they are said to “a 
N. B. Thi s convenient mode of distinguishing the 
arts by the term “cohe- 
sion,” from that of dissimilar parts by the t term “ adhe- 
sion,” ough 
la mass termed a “head” (capitulum). This was formerly 
long since suggested by De Candolle. 
N.B. S 
fth p 
tary ap gi aad 
one-celled o ovary, enable us 
whether it were bbs ot one or more ca oe “Ot Other 
considerations, which need nol r be sag have 
carpels co 
551. These Antennarie are the pests of the eo 
and Orange plantaticns in Ceylon an 
gen 
pe ane a joS eoi 
of late years 
at 
piigi 
above of A. Stephe 
Solaowledged that the aN is not at tn ‘but 
ering by 
ess hy ap: 
5. Common Cherry (Prunus cerasus). 
CHERRY. 
_ Corolla of 5 petals inserted (ie. seated) on the 
merely a condition of the genus Capnodium, which in 
Stamens numerous (a) also inserted on the calyx, 
XEYE 
garded asa “compound flow 
AISY. 
still so 
baithi ii (Belles pero) 
sidered The c 
on taraxacu’ 
popularly. 
PP N.B. a an last (Leontod: m), Dahlia, Si 
ttend follows the Antennaria, and this und h | ti e stamens on the corolla was owin g to the (Heiane Oxeye cf &e., are paea 
varied circ: ces as to make it „gie certain that | p ahesi ir fi rule with it, so here we | examples. ch heads of flowers are surrounded 
the one ii is ise a form of the o othe: In © di both petal iàd stamens enn — to the small, gen say y green, leafy scal scien; “Toole somewhat 
p ly d tł Be inners must be cautioned 
th the matrix, or at Jeast npr from it. against mistaking them for single flowers. Every little 
run up ‘and are orp with them. These are} N.B Li ke instances of adhesion between the three flower in such a “head” its own floral 
generally very. much el ongated, and often poner outer floral whorls (calyx, corolla, , the peculiarities in whose structure need not 
ach (Amygdalus Persica), P b 
appear, as is the case os with oe closely allied i genus (L ANAE ‘salioutia), c, Where ianed itis yur "Baneoet ‘Lessons ON THE Frorat Wuonis—Par- 
Scorias. The phical distribution, as might be | between all th e floral whorls. I ryan 
expected, is almost identical with that of Antennaria lt, and will | plained in tł far apart o prevent any copying. 
The true fruit is not, however, invariably produced | exa | botanical vorkiitehis stop after the th have tem “ais. 
the Antennaria stage i rfected, In this} E; und-leaved Bell flower Ang pigs | missed, this arrangement, though o! school is small, 
country, for example, An rs nally rotundifolia) o: or any other species of this uffices, Each child receives a Spiel en and then rul 
without progressing to the stage of Capnodium, but| Superior and Inferior (ova peri ith). for itself the following blank td of schedule on a 
is a little species which i N d| The calyx of 5 cohering sepals, the corolla of 5 the of its own observa- 
asveyroma which constantly perfects its 3 perithecia, cohering petals, and the 5 5 stamens, all adhe ere together, — on the fori and to enter the conclusions to be 
53, On The | drawn from them 
of Antennaria or Capnodi both united, are 2 result produced is an appea rance as if the ‘parts of the | Fy Cl X 
common, One of these, A. Stephensii outer floral hai grew from the top ae Ans ovary. | | $ | | 7 
C. Citri, as imported on ns jis far $80 In such cases the tte is oo re be “Inferior” and | | og | Di. 
familiar an object to our fruit deal It is no|the perianth wS uperi as in ‘te other 5} |" 
thing, on opening a box just imported, to find | examples because the stile i were gyk from adhesion | | ç, pP, | Sec. 
greater the fruit covered with a de with the other aa aig bd would be styled | | ——— —- 
velvety coat, biting in parts the “Superior,” the nths originating below them | | st. | Or. 
ia, in those ‘apnodium, h + ih lled “In erior.” Gen. 
have grown principally on the voyage, as it is scarcely | N.B. Numerous flowers possess alike structure,as the | P 
conceivable that the fruit coul 1c 
unsaleable condition, The loss however in consequence ete seg (Ribes), all Honeysuckles (Lonicera), & betel Bog 
is not absolute, as a portion of the fruit when; brushed Frorat RecerracLeE.— The parts of whicha howe wer The merest beginners, from six years up , com- 
looks tolerably ve eed it is evident that its keeping hie seated on the “ Floral Receptacle,” which pose the 3d , and confine themselves to the first 
qualities must much impaired by such a process. is the summit, more or less swollen, of a short}; ;ank colum with undry more or | ect 
554. In stoves where Capnodium is most likely to | stalk. In flowers where the perianth is inferior, oe x competing ide second. ges 2d class fill 
Occur, extreme cleanliness and timely sponging will| the floral receptacle may be exposed by removing |a the tw columns, with such attempts at the 
