See THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. [SEPTEMBER 6, 1856 
. In planting a variety in soil which is Pae too | with a grand pang. $ of fine uate but he tells nothing may of the latter it can be rendered mixable with 
wae and too SET or too heavy, cold and mo’ s. Wh at i ii an in a aera r by only triturating it with a twentieth part of 
6. In want of a enago, in consequence of i | i dent t } Gy p rp [hrana tragacanth (gum dragon), both dry, addin; 
of the first elements TPR Horst mode of culture. | words aNioad ‘val p tained before ane step | very prne soft water till reduced to a paste. Whee 
With respec o the T st tbree I | be tak U , Co rnicu- |in; birie ate, by increasing the quantity of water, the 
pacers apei, the principal poina co: spook a th ho m | lariaceze, an nd al ie other aceze ar r can be easily and thoroughly mixed and incon 
ral occasions in previous articles, pir it would the ne ga is death, o be sure this last matter is | porated with the fluid without one particle of it = oati e 
‘perfino us to revert © the Concerning “the| | exp lain ned a Dr. bang proceeds, b ical desc? t the top. Thus, if required, the syringe ie 
RURE. it is evident to every practi al at the reader wants to pace ‘is etnies: or the mixture m may be laid on the ‘aie asa 
normal degree of vigour, and consequently a god pote | their distinction: ns in li rewest t pos ssible words. That is paste with a pai nter’s brush. My Vines have been sọ 
of per rfect fruit, can only, be obt tained by allo ing the | what he should have told u Il left treated in the early part of the year, the old wood 
h | hi untry signpost imuaed and young shoots being covered by the brush. The 
i. mode of vegetation. If that form is coy ie in a pitch dark night. I can forgive him for the hard sulphur bi thus fags by the tragacanth ; and as 
restricted by premature iudiby or by too ords he is 80 fo nd of, bec use I can find out w vith a conseque: not symptom of disease has 
praning, the tree bears a few small, Takes gritty ‘corticolo k, | 0l served it in either foliage or fruit. _ On the latter how- 
its, becomes barren, and is eventually des aA his havin g eni ever it w ould b 
is is no! ot owi ng to degeneration, but to a want of skill | to ‘yimeelt eet th those hat ss which an earnest in sulphur H te adhesi 
E. We 
} h ty 
s to know R. [We se wash it ag G plai th 
which no doubt could not blend flowers of brimstone with water : 
a tree pair ina soil which is too Kon sears | expresses the sentiments oft many radain. The omissions I “then published the result of my process, and its appli- 
and m ois st. It is not r nable to +1 | to which “ R. E. eability is certain either in the Vinery, plant ora or to 
it | selves, and we do hope that the Jearned sue will trees on the open wall. John Towers, Croydon 
arr bave'seen a plantation of more than 1001 Pear | “Mop the course we form nerly p resume ed to If 
trees, p g he does not at Ph il its | 
ese trees were confided to one who is known to be |m eri ite, can ever become popular. at POLES 
an able cultivator. They were all ahed in the same | | Bees are s sometimes united without ; destroying either of 
form, that of a dwarf pee _ upon the free stock, the queens ; but as every cause of irritation should be| BRITISH acral TOK IER, as oF 
and upon the Quince. On the 15th of June, = the | avoided, it is rae to remove the queen of the intrud- | SCIENCE, 
100 trees had not 200 Pears on dieni m. ing bees. As to the result of introducing a stranger |“ On the Piai and ir ition “of W at Grain,” 
pinching, performed in a season different hone grt | queen ee a rea Huber ye many experiments ; in by Mr. J. B. Lawes ap te Gilbert. This paper con- 
ordinary run, had a Sip obit vegetation, from | some instances the stranger was smothered, in others tained the results o large, number of capatina 
which, of course, the trees suffered, and in Ee E E he was permitted to enegatiter the reigning queen, and made by him and ae F ral 
of which the; . More- | the rivals optante ka the sovereignty by r royal duel nee upon Whea! this poh as wll 
over, the ground where the trees were planted was | | in the same ma s the a! r. Gilbert subjected the 
covered with a rather thick layer of horsedung, and | contested when T is a plurality of princesses. Such fie varieties pt a pet awe A and ondi that re 
this preventing the aR of the air and sun upon the |2 manner of proceeding, k appears at Pissing py err in pr ria the sample was 
whi ts, the trees were unable t | with the loyalty and devotion of the els ards tained ran, “The flo our that con- 
pen by the Tanini feni of the solar rays upon | wledged . Bein of hat whi 
ascending sap. If these trees remain weakly and | testing their fidelity, I introduced a anne into the in the process of bread-makin ng, a ing 
is that result to be attribut ntd to the circum- | centre of an Air a4 hive, which TROR a ven question arose as to the aii Talne ot eu con- 
stance of the varieties treated in this way having | | rem The moment the stranger entered she zed, ing much or no bran opinion being 
reached the peri fd ration 2 i sh ps etain f the latt shew worki men are con- 
On visiting lately one of the finest gardens in Bel- tarahae till she died. Sbe was probably sanocka | cerned, notwithstanding i value of 
gium, I observed that part only of the trees planted but not without offering a desperate resistance, as m other interesting fact stated 
against a wall bore fruit. On seeking for the cause of of her assailants fe alt ar ound, evide ntly stung to i a by Dr. Gilbe rt was, tha t “the Parcs Sea Wheat in 
the sterility, I found it was this—the soil of the border Thi yee and a half, during which | Europe and the Southern States Wheat in America 
in front of the wall had Bete n dug to a considerable time the Sea of the hive pursued = aan avoca- | Were far richer in gluten than those from mote same 
epth for cropping with vapeenbige: By this unintel- ut t i 7 ic ini 
ugent aee the fibrous roots, and the spongioles Very rema able. When ac stranger Weng e lifeless | while they stood highest hens bre ad- mal aking eri 
whie oe ahah furnished, were de stro, royed. The the bers alowed her to drop oor, and no doubt 
other lear ison i trembled | | degree « on its oily ‘constituent, and thecal the aval 
flowers, but could n e fruit, 50 any did set it for on safety of their sovereign, a“ she as instantly the eer ration of the 
mostly dropped. potaa sA bore rah vey i fruit ; i | Dr. R „D Thomson remarked t hat the value | of real 
but those in front of which the grou oe athe t been midst of her l 
dug bore, on the contrary, a large quan n, but was doubtful as to the value assigned to the 
It was sup that the season rer E antrai, | fuming the bees anig pret destroys the power o n| slate, us qualities of a as the French chemists 
and that the trees were bad. proprietor was even ERA among the, eee it is — the effect | or vie ek e ae s often left undigested.— Dr, 
inelined to think that the ean „trees against the a all on the queen may |v stated tha o had arrived at similar experi- 
no lo the Gilbert. but while AC 
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es 
desirous 
8 
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of her safety. As the per. er 
wean that starchy br we wie as mechanically the best, he 
nger gour 
Tearing fruit, and sae in this bad ‘eel to oi but this is a nice point nel i it t wo ould = extremely 
erhi Dr. bei view, that this was the most 
k f b fi 
degeneration of the varieties of the Pear ji nteres ting to solve, and the e io would n 
een a 
tations y 
mereen Chen and Fulham several plantations of correspondent ¢ « Apiarian” does not neei traced the 
be seen. It may be observed uae between these tre es to give him: any trouble about there being t bran to phosp ined as such in the at 
are planted Gooseberries, Currants, Strawberries, ond queens in a doles hive; the bees will regulate that for Dr. Voelcker Ekik found this leiki nt in caseine and 
the culture of “bichi disturbs. the fibrous themselves The following is, ey method I adopt to | legumine. 
roots near the surface of the soil, and thus renders i supposing I want to unite two SECTION D.—ZooLosy AND Botany, INCLUDING Par- 
impossible for the trees to produce fruit. In fact, Swarms: on the evening of ‘the day that the sIoLocy.—Pr g f the labours 
when a tree is transplanted before the winter solstice Swarm is thrown off, and when all the bees are quiet,|of the Co karfa on Typical Forms of Minerals, 
into a lighter soil, it will be found in the month of | 1 lift the hive where I intend the bees to remain very aeaii. and Plants for Museums. The lists which 
March that the ends of the cut roots have formed | Caretuty off the stand where they have been placed, | had at present been obtained had been printed in n the 
callosities, and small fibrous roots, On leaving a tree and putting an imp (rim) on the spot, I take the new last volume of the Transactions. They were still in- 
in its place without removal it will be seen on the Swarm, and placing the hive upon the imp, I give it a | complete, but Prof. Henslow hoped they would be com 
Are of the sap that the wood-buds along the shoots | smart blow, whi ch shakes down all the bees into the plete for every are ment before the next meeting. 
become fruit spurs, and it is by the action of the fibrous imp. I th hive upon the imp, and | He exhi bited some specimens of a new method of 
roots “an tg cnr that this result is obtain coat When | leave ae pert | the morning, when I always find them peers more especially mineral specimens. 
the tap-roo Te popes ht sgt = ther ire rary bere i i l d of clay, 
ing them on a small stan 
as long as the Font | misma: an p as to shake wh disturb the bees in the first | which being at first soft gradually hardened d 
at the peri of the oE are not destroyed, and whilst | hive ; if I have done so, they begin to fight with dai a firm support to the no een Wright, of Chelten- 
kill the others, and often the whole s warm is destro, ‘oyed. | jin, thought that the lists of objects would have been 
fi o 
i 
proper time, it is certain that the action of at OF ful ES to ate go pet f them m 
fibrous roots upon the organs of fructification will con- | has been hived as soon as it was thrown off. if I wish known wor ks had n appended. 
tinue to exercise a favourable influence on the bearing | to unite two old hives, fy th ni 
of trees properly planted and duly attended to. | means of the large rete putting my fumigating box | recommended That the classes | and ‘ame a rom 
In conclusion, fruit trees, like all living things, are |in the bottom of an empty hive, of whi I 
capable of improvement, either by chance or by the | upwards, and those bees w hich do not fall down into | locality i in which the museum existed. 
He 
y l-a 2.2. f, 
mind of man, and of reproducing themselves in the | pty Fa be appia jsir ote e 
course of time 
rdin; 
more or less identical, and more or less | from the combs, as they ‘are removed from the hive ; ;| mens from the governm ned 
to circumstances and arien of | then:the:same process 1s esorted to as above e described | | specimens - existed | n the British, r of 
es of | for } rder from the Lords 
according 
treatment. But as to the paa that n ang ofh a ak be pyar rn r 
fruit trees are disposed to degenera! oH dbenibetiiee of | 1f care been taken not to distur other bees. | the Treasury. ade doubt 
we do not believe Z- @» Clitheroe. sppliaton = duplicate specime ns from all our gover 
in it J. De Jonghe, Brussels. Sulphur.—Before the occurrence of the Vine disease | ment museums might be ol nuns —Prof, Tennant tly 
had been in the habit of using eulphur in | that the peste aF ia were not sufficiet 
Ho | various forms either as a wash or a ares gee agent; | communicative. It was not “enough th at the name 
=e oes Correspondence. but since ym period of a yeaa ag redu se mineral was _given Its composition, eos ents 
Lindsayon Lichens. f this book u ls to objec d 5 gr z 
(see p. 502) induced urchase it. I cannot say that opine y, many havo ie cabal calieaehe | label wi Y Tn all our eine 
I regret having ag hg cat yet I am disappointed at | to means o rs ‘alps to ‘the Vines as a certain | tions too pieh attention was pai aid to epee ng th oe acing 
finding i it much less well done than it es t have been. a" specific reme ce 1847, when I first noticed | He especially dre me een to a “Gardens, 
th of animals oolo 
p: ate S - Pes Ped 
° 0 
Taa. 1 Ls v 
ee . He eee his n ia the | taniy meng young Vines | under eae circumstances was DO guide, f Dele ex- 
wrong places, and forgets to refer to them from the | pate e impel I D ‘have either prevented or en- | mischievous where it was a wrong one.— Pro 
main text. He produces fine-looking figures of the | tirely warded off Y the use of sulphur in | pressed his conviction of the im importance of masene jad 
_ minute parts of these plants, but is qui pagarina A aA The levigated stone- | the purpose of teaching Pp 
‘tothe manner in which one unskilled in microscopical | brimstone is with greater facility mixed with aaa done so manch and soa iz an this subject d he was Pre 
eaten be to find them, e alee then: the ommon: Sowers of sulphur, a Semen ere A of which he ought t0 
Lichens, invested and therefore taking an; om 
