724 THE GLEE EES peo (eat E 1856. 
plain boil ed, , he learns ore raan in the] for the solution of Da little botanical problems of | 
economy ‘ela ch is synaiguibs with e mfort. Pt aon ral-schedule, a experiment or two will ag the His are auch ll the seeds S a Gea mie 
To monster Gourds, if grown e| whi ch “external organs ” exist i and of the Nux vomica (Strychnos 
. many objections. The Sna which TAIE, ‘hold - a| any i o: ge asc the manner in witli Nuc vomica) are go ood examples among the larger 
plant capable o of e rrying one 0 Ibs. proce a hers, subsequently formed, are dually | kinds. Their The ogg is copious, oily in the former, 
produce 20 or iad 15 lbs. sine Pers choses = developed enlarged $ by p uth) as the plant increases. | horny in the latter. Their embryos have large, but ex. 
fruits p Aenea a val airaa of hae crop. For the | » es oben ew s Si T, a partas en pore l be | tremely thin, ise nis 3 bat i Su ev = 
fault of Gourds is that Meo Se do not te well after iY Pe E [bered t BaF NI iz 
- iling | Example 25. —Seeds of the “Garden Bean,” or it Albumen always exists in early stages ofa 
unless the “Horse Bean” (Vicia faba), are "yell tea but is oea Ler in the Bean) pater absorbed by 
place. Pirheretcte ‘ter pacts fe Ag in 7 adapted, from their size, for our purpose. If the seeds | the embryo before Pe seed has ripened. In these 
hes ae of a Kani npu T having” mn ap Begu; ;|are dry, they ene nepr jeepers for observation by | cases the large tyledons contain the nutriment 
‘an object so kaid to mplis th am ing soaked in for h) of tl b 
weighing a pull of sabe ar paet A but pe a 24 hours. If hot Sate is plant. In albuminous seeds, itis the ual portion of 
nable with small specimens. d they be ready in a few the nutriment prepared for the pe which consti- 
sg aiu who wish to turn their attention to Gourd | minutes. On the surface there is tutes and this is then imbibed 
growing for the Saas ‘should ako caro ii select Ari stripe (H) commonly called after germination has commenced. 
proper kinds. Some are bitter and unfit for š n 4 as e,’ but ie lly th H Pi wien: eit gon Ti is no . eres had 
3 i 7 his is meet with embryos which us possess two. cotyle- 
= h Agi ria ; Srii bear badly. | left by rupture of the tissue which ons, be at pA etan A Bat fies a 
aie Pot inxs i th Brasil; rites te Pad connected t ed with the inner certain pla “er have several 
, jan sugar of the pod, which is a set agp “gapetyednnt)y s n the albuminous 
(Courge u ). We also observe that an |‘ seed-vessel ” or “ Pericarp ” (P eeds of so f 
3 2 P e- so e Pine eme eed Conifers (Conifere’ 
z hio Gou pe. id to have come from England | ricarpi n within which it was The baw th e tone ne (Pinus pinea) are ra < 
in 1£45, is getting into esteem on account of its | develo A hile necessarily a adapted for hil ng ads Pag is eo pens i = ees 
sweet farinaceous flesh, which is quickly ne exists 01 ‘the surface of all eee NATED in England, the seeds 
and because the fruit is small, not weighing m | but R often small and inconspic If a moistened | nursery. Those e Fhe: scotch Pine ‘Gin 
s 6 lbs. to 8 lbs. each. In our own aant seed b wiped and then gently aqueezed, the imbibed 8 ylvestris) will answer if the others cannot easily be 
wever nothing equals f ll are 
tiveness the po Ezg ‘Gourd. (Crewsiva ifera) ( toone end of the hile, and termed ‘the “ Micropyle” (To be continued.) 
the flesh of which is weet, not watery, and pe ariy (m). Fer mieropyle perforates the seed- na i 7° 163i. this i enaa Gi aa tn Makan 
admirably adapted to coking What'may he dona | oot Res ee eae ea o allo + eat hem vine ing sche explained in Ko- i hae puzzled tho Sania s ope 
with this i in even so bad a summer as that of 1856, | q E w od | rotered tr in tail Hot T am explaining as closely aa T ena the 
will be seen from the followin statement. etermined i seg ay in i actual pls n y aiota t tha Aimi These initial letters 
J -seed. In some seeds it is close to the hile, in are employed t vent loss of time whenever the children have 
On a piece of he feck ars AA a low situation | others at a distance from it. The mode by which its to prepare a fresh shore = their vate. A Hitne exercise of 
em ees, oul y p detai: s act and memory is cases. If neces: „the 
, two ae, ot the Egg Gourd were set i Embryo. Botanical Examiners testi a singular | children tumn to the two diagrams hung on the walls, as explained 
d III. They th the letters to be ethployed, 
y- For some time they made little progress ; at difficulty which many of the b obaalealy éx mined seem | ing the position they occapy on the diagrams serves to Teeal the 
last the earth warmed ae = they rapidly to experience in obtaining (or at least in explaining) words they are intended to designate. Ihave no desire to see 
covered the grow hian ast tbeir fruit the scientific idea attached to ii word “ Embryo.” prom! bet tame a i general symbols; their employment is 
: . Ti of ex enc, 
the efforts which have been made to popularise | Nej lo mars No. VL. at he 565, 29 lines from bottom, for 
C 
continually, sare was given okey still without the | Some of : ñ 
desired result. Atl sto one of them was thoroug part | our science are calculated to mislead a begins os if | (Helianthemum) read (Helianthus), atter Sunflower. 
with 
d with a mix e of two or three pou unds anings to the terms “Seed,” Embryo,” “ "Albu. 
dung, ee fa’ me ie” and “Cotyledon,” Let the beginner himself! THE TRUFF LE, THE TRUFFLE OAK, AND 
TR 
sun, cae whole being washed in with rain water. skin of a well N a notice laid before the Academy of Si on 
“This an swered, a he frui RE Eventually the ked Bean- is ~ ioth of January, hd M. B. Robert gave some 
plant re ed barren, while the: trond b Sol. The whole interesting details respecti itg e, the intimate igi 
seven fruit of the following weights, vi 78 Ibs., | of the white and especially so 
47 lbs., 35 lbs., two 23 lbs., 14 lbs., 11 Tai in all ills wy = species of Oaks, and the Aasia which are fo ma 
lbs. ihe beneath their shade. He very eariy showed pise. 
t of operation i is ‘ s riginate in contact with the extremities 
A alena haa aa a wholesome winter food could, | “Em mbr sa’ the izporeeptibly a. fives Bay af ome a. 
. | Dean. s Em- 6 Tollow im 
of ground ; and much less would preci aa ha ad | bryo is a young t without answering it: “ May it not be ‘admitted 
corner and their vines had plant, a living ONE coTYLEDON that Truffles are a sort of subterranean Gall-nuts, 
the Gourds been in a warm . 
zuon, eterin about. kaal us add that the tender organised being, REMOVED. originating in a similar manner to those found upon the 
me e best spinach Aoa cee ge parts (its external organs to | young branches of the Oak, and which are caused by 
t world ; and a a couple of of of plants wi wi ae roduce vital functions (peculiar ga ders 
Weyert dishes in as = MAAGI] ha bee been in duly stiinilated into eaan by| Ina ao written to M. Barral in the beginning of 
E A the combined in of moisture, heat, and light. | the present year, © Cota te de Gasparin states that he 
“Hien 1 persons have been 1 lately much surprised | In rote ga the yack Embr yet may be likened to | ascertain tained the correctness of an assertion made by 
pa e fall of i small branches |a chicken just ready to burst the eggshell, As annin M. Rousseau, of Carpentras, that in order to 
m Oaks and other trees, the point of a chicken has its two legs, two wings, " = ne i lity where they do not already. 
being as neatly defined as that of Ee af-s stalk from | More or less rate eg be has ip t Em exist, it is ; merely necessary to plant certain species of 
its attachment. An account of this plant its two cotyledons (peculiarly ified I ri ik Oaks, called Truffle Oaks 
T 
was given in the Gardeners’ * Chron ‘oh pes its radicle (little root) ae pha Seng (le em e as long been known that a particular species o' 
ve | and its plu mule e (little terminal leaf-bud) (p). xa) | By, or Tipula, emana y haun nig the Truffe adri 
we have epositing its eggs in the ground wher a p E e will 
of Aak th ken. do oe Cottyleedon). The two Coty- ie roduced ; and, Tasty, wo ih hian en fully ripe 
; cringed in a er a Kia Et ame ae = mt Je ae {e in fig.) “constitute the main bulk of tkis | decays, occupied as it is by th o ee and is 
early falli 3 op Ai Bes Embryo. On ements one of them i it will be found to soon devoured by the grubs, whic in their turn, give 
Wied arf Boom ng es us after the fas r | consist of a firm fieshy substance, slightly convex out tape ie 
ust as we got under | side and flat on the inside. All Embryos with two| M. Rave l, of Mont agac, Basses-Alpes, where e 
the shade, without a moment’s warning, a large | cotyledons are ce to be  Di-co laimis” production gA Truffles is continually becoming greater, 
ch, g of wind, fell |  Cawlicle. tyledons are attached by very short | and whose family has for more than a century. been 
at our feet. On examination it was clear "that ee to onpialie’ si aides of a small stem termed the | engaged in the sale of that article, and who has himself 
wage between the dead and living bark had |“ caulicle” oe or ee (¢). The cotyledons contributed greatly to the advancemen! 
place exactly in the same way as in the Boyer: pressed together and inclined towards one | tant branch of industry, bes ing 
i observation, 
e seen since confirms the correctness 
=] 
Q 
a twigs, an ia ca nias. ma 
m with moisture after a v Ehh ; icle. In one direction the caulicle ends in a part | the Truffle, and the means by wh e 
made the decaye ts te a b Page > which tapers off conically, and is called the « Radice” pagated. Hé nly became acquainted with the note of 
Sack in ob Cage (r). This becomes the root of the developed | M. „Robertin. Comte de Gasparin’s 
d a ye n July, last 5 and if bis Kia mes 
cases where th ougher or less decayed, as 3 t 
der arse" well defined. The i th p y A 
portion tthe b frequently in the Elm, the living | supposed to epii geai ee eng a ih een hi with fread n sonsidence in 
inako bark grows while the upper part from this the 3 radicle snopes in one direction (down- | the results of his researches, especially as each of those 
after licle i who have preceded him has only brought out a porion = 
a few years decays and falls away, leaving the| Plumule. Above that part of the caulicle to — of the truth, whilst he has it entire 5 
cushion ready to cl p th fice. M. J. B. the aoe are attached, it is sano pafa can adduce numerous proofs in support of his opinions- 
n them. The ac a £ 1 e 0" 
enlarged, andi is termed the “Plumale” 7 lum la re these 
~ T BEGINNERS OF ALI IN BOTANY: FOR | This is a nascent “ lent p sp Teru the leaves of ae 1. “That 1 the Trofe, even if it can or ought to be 
By he OF ane res a wre te eamipeead are part istinguishable, napia ing fain’ conside: red a fun; EUS, pa not a sorely ly vegetal Fe 
os Be pe; lk. | traced out, and cl duction ; itori ates in consequence of a netur 
} iane: Tai am of partioi qens paene Albumen. dar p packed: ft "| duction Tate Í am f the roots ones Dol bong 
are termed their “ ” aca of which undergo } corn), and either mealy, horny, maby, sai or of other | and especially those. of the bi gee gt aga te ae 
M organs ; 
considerable alteration, in ze and shape, from the | consistency, are botanically termed “Albumen.” They | res ite ol qi 
. gin is animal, an 
poro their visible existence till they ] Bee must not be o confounded” with the organic ne ibebasion sesi anih underground variety of t the Gall-nut. 
their full dimensions. There are very minute | chemically so called. This botanical albumen exists in 2, That there oe ee 
a of 5 It | justly be called Tru: ie Osi i 
whol b It some-| 3. That there exists & of fly, 
+, Pitted TIE "partially, the pont should oes ae jl py the tae We 
seed; and the embryo is then proporti y F 
jic en . That it is ot in the Trufle itself, but in the ro 
are termed “albuminous,” in contradistinetion fo those | from whieh th the Trifles as ome ae this Ay fe, are À 
[which being without it are “ex-albuminous.’ T} depos 
Ti which 
x Pty ie 
