Soveu=t 15, 1856.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 763 
with th ana Aih bject př aie aa T eee em aaee and others who use t wager yr ns, state that both cakes were cf wv quality, and 
The carton of the ears oi eat from the straw | 0>tsin at the least one quarter o eat, or set s o 3 ante that the ei rane: in their r compositio] were so trifling 
it a 
would readily effected as the crop was laid on the |} nye yelp sna by tha highest of proyinae meDONs | ace Hoth might be regarded, for wanba P purposes, to 
und gA the action of the reaping machine—its po- On gome 30 mode ol farm this principle, which a: in| be identical, Neither in their chemical composition, 
p! ts 
Eon would give every facility for the operation, The | 0Peration in differ t dlntrists>-of which, in p Fees lone pf the | nor in their physical pro roperties, could any marked dif- 
substitution of mac hinery for manual labour would due xe 1 of kapeatesral members of the Congress, Riga all submit fereive be detected which might nt | for the r higher 
libe: 
4 some particulars—itis demonstrated Lae ot lid farm- 
rate a greater number of persons for the various | yard ame throughout the country n re tha one- tard of | price paid ío it: cake in 
of a new system of harvest operations. The | their re, iat wih are derived u ander the} pre miaa akra ceof{ En nglish wis it is len rally, tho nt by vig AA 
i H agricultu: st with the exception of some ve arge farms 
complete mane of the reaping machine would only | fine sss arete urine Pcs ina total ery ipon always,'contains more oil Hh ‘American or other foreign 
| e , which Iam | to the solid pann ae gf Professor Voelcker also, in a | Linseed- cakes, but the differences i in the relative pro- 
desirous to bring under consideration, A Landlord in | recent paper in rie Royal AN monitaral Journal, shows that t 
ihe North British. Agricultur thirds of the fertilising power of the farm-yard manures is account for the higher estimation in which English or 
lost; and Count Gasparin proves that the loss of their fertilising The su val home- 
SEE power is even greater in France, that is to say,on the old systems | mp ior Ao O 
of tillage, Thi t application of these mng would, ds 
MR. CHADWICK apprehend, be generally equivalent in value to an additional not so ae on their feir compositi on, as upon the 
rental of the land. To these present losses, which apap tiers = 5x 
merated as fature gains, may be added the loss of the vast bulk 
condition in which the cake is found in the market, 
Good home-made cake, 
PROGRESS AND COMPARATIVE POSITION OF AGRI-} of the town an merican are 
CULTURE IN ba to iek aye CONTINENT. wai sal jaa office eS have had to complain Sai always dry and free fro! rom mouldiness and rancid smell ; 
‘ontinued from p. e pollution of t yp oe: ob the decom pos' tion, an and 
In England the deficiencies me vane labouring agricultural popu- | thence the waste of the ain e retained in houses, and to a Bani. a ha et sacnpotam oue paa mil ae 
lation and of our agricultu re ast, In illustration of the | mature a pag of water t pi = drainage for the bonm these rea: more highly appreciai 
miserable eco: f labour, a a mention that I have shown | and streets, by rich ail ary refuse is put into a e of “E enkes, “which generally possess a more or less 
that in pt EA E agricultural Jabourers haye to walk to | constant removal. o far as relates to the removal ‘of eon neid s and taste, and > cin often monldy or 
and from their places of work, six, eight, ten, and even more | pools, fosses, I est "atate that we haye succeeded in — Mo rove, on the con tinent t the e minea A of 
miles daily, that is to say, to expend a large proportion of the | ing their abolition in 50 of our towns, gat Yorke are damp. by 
strength in walking which should be given to the productive | progress in a still greater number, and tha 
labour in the field, An Americapemployer ate efficient and highly | rise in the ges health of several of these places is already af heat which impairs the amand ar consequi ini x 
paid labour finds it pay him to provide an omnibus to collect his | declared. may mention that Mr. William Lindley, the | deteriorates the value, of the cake, | On the whole, 
labourers and bring them to their field of wo sinh and convey them | engineer BA rebuilt Hamburgh, states that he abolished all (A 
toand from different partsofit. In some man: hn tg AOAABEY | cesspools, fosses, and gave constant supplies of water for every wey 
worked by steam is provided to lift and lower the workmen with | Stage, and drained the houses in conformity to my recom- cake than on that of cakes i mported from other coun- 
their tools and material from the lower to the upper rooms and | mendations; and hence freed them. from the decomposing | tries, Besides, English cake is prepared only in a 
for their descent, as well as in mar not to waste strength or | and pestilential escapes from gett so-called “ inodorés.” z 5 " 
time in ascendin From the influe ee pis It is alleged that 3 the new district of Hamburgh they | limited extent, and aiv finh a ready sale ; no time is- 
ng 
cendin; baad 
p neglee: : á 4 ` 8 
two families are frequently put into pte f a bad cons nea c- | immediately from perie in the tainted air of the Vent R become rancid. Foreign akos, onhe 
tion for one, and many agricultural labourers kit driven into the —s of — arty Frpatiort jane e those pn rer s h aiff they resch jeant 
worst parts of the suburbs of towns: The use of meat as an . One result of this improved sanitary consi 
; is insuffici stated to be, that whereas formerly retired merchants eon i final destination, often attain a ie. age, which 
teri 
article of diet is insufficient, Whilst their physical condition is ed h reh: 
extensively depressed, their education and moral and intellec- | the cesspool-tainted air of the town houses, and sought residence impairs the flavour and de iorates the value 
nether rond is neglected ; igon than 60 per cent. ga them can pran scence’ purity at a apr wk Daer ve ae of the eake, Bol hy if it is kept in damp Like 
r read nor write, e l the rest can lo so in- | distric! ey are now returning an ing residence e : . : e 
oeiy ra ae ae E api i newly-constructed houses at Hamburgh. The inhabitants of | _ organic substances, —, is sub to changes, 
The ving and preventing excesses of moistu re | continental towns and the owners of the best property there have | ich do not improve — fresher it is, 
a? y drainage eA ere only been applied to ON gel smal | r pot po edi "Paris En a i Araia te yd ise 
Toportion of the land requiring it, and nearly a ition oi wa head n Paris Eng w we y ce £ 
= cent: has elapsed in doing that small roportion very knowledge been driven fro e to h and reei been Linse! yen am cakes, with ae e Ox te m of American cakes, 
rudely, although it was early proved that the beneficial effects obliged i Ka shorten their stay ma the e iet P an of the air | 3re so free from oreign seeds as English cakes, 
i fiye, and six years vin me Eve ge ais isp Civis or gre of oe = and this no res is ppt ne reason why home-made 
Two-thirds of the county of Cheshire, as an example, are Shown | who by means, quit their metropolis mainly in conseque: pid is m i rized by the i r 
in a prize report, published by the pe sad fen en tural Society, | its condition at the period of the year when the see is the hottest, M iE ROP high] p x y tae pralin n d 
ts be too wet to bear sheep properly. bsoil of the greater | 8nd when decomposition is most rife ; and when, to take the agri- -cake, cake B portedinto England 
portion of the suburban P Piir ated ar Manchester is is | cultural yen or the Us Shes. ig is the LA gpa loss of manure. m coni © mh extensively used in the Həp 
bered a 1D bee ages n I ba he Mea aes tone the a pasna ei districts of Keng This is the , 
— display the low awe of agriculture there, and yet P populations a on! it i 
know that in that tame 4 ame county p directed improvements Popelation ‘aris, I pa ye ps and undertake, for the oniy safe se to which it can be applet.. Doe as it is 
have eed Kien ded with a return of 74 per cent, of ai capital exighing charges of the fhe dreadfal prover of the vidange, and c than 3 resembles 
invested in them, whilst whole tracts are continued in a state | every tried or proposed modification of it, to remove all refuse Spel 3 Rape-eake, it is mixed with 
of fen or dangerous bog. The inhabitants of London are sub- before decompecition can have commenced, to have it applied to | this cake by u 1 and instances are- 
jected to febrile attacks when the wind prevails from the con- | the land as well as removed inoffensively, and from the mere pa Bos: lh paste M 4 ova tha pri 
tiguous Kent and ven pure pen Na been sold 
gi 
E 
3 
hacia marshes, and their health is lowered by (ghee dite nae a oops: every proposed form of utilisation as j 
appa from the want of drainage of the low-lying | poudre cite cal manufacture, to supply the Parisians with | ee e, 
district and of the suburban site. The arterial drainage of the be a sie = ilk a samt bn gen = jan aci ‘ead te | hen M 
n tructed by extensive ill meroach- e Oppo: a y of submittin 
pec? 6 bd nae pal of means of eq nde sata mathe improvement of the sani iry condition to the notice of the great | “*UStar 18 made water into a ti paste, 
where there is not positiye illegality; and wing the very | man who now presides ov er the destinies of the French people, and this paste is keto for about six hours, it acquires 
amount of the evil to be made a means of dat he extortion | Who I believe has had and continues to have a real feeling the pungent taste trong RS i smell to 
as @ condition o Sa abatement, The works of bed engineer. |e he ere ent avio the henno gy, ell ye oe the parse A ag | Mustard-seed. This pungent taste and 
by wide, open, and stagnant ditches, are disgracefw ation o unable to h bi S, an er his |) the volatile pi tal il of M < is 
md t iah auspices trial works e been e at Paris by some of the | PY or st ol 
ing art, yet, as I ste shown, the grom o be a gene pi ls eae ae T e ap whieh 
‘0 i m two inod 
drains would pay for the expense of the a public officers to ascertain the ont as to whether such roe 
aif ay he tria 
the thermometer in the drained, as compared with the undrained ee the e case, a s iow i refuse in Ber oe bee 
said, they knew nothing of those things, thermometers, | form, o say refuse ty + ar as | F j 
there, but he found that it made a great-coat difference to him; hey can, I apprehend, be no other than confirmatory of the | of sayy -A At the tem mperat ure of boiling water 
formerly he could o: nly AG ot | into the undrained field at night resus ouine in England, as at Bip ah ‘here the whole ote myron ted, and in this state is 
with a great-coat on ere drained he could refu prod say oc in g, A nT oe 
withott Sos, There abe data or belining that during a portion will be received immediately in water, removed inoffensively in incapable of changing myronic acid into gentia oil. af 
of the year a general eae would cause an elevation of 5° or | Water, will be immediately applied to some one or other part of the Mustard, ustard cake in a dry state h neither a 
6° of temperature, land ont of the tewn, and before 10 or 11 o'clock will be upon the pungent smell nor taste. It resembles, indeed, in its 
But as yet no idea seems to be entertained, and in the prese: land, or rather in the land, not merely in mechanical suspension appearance, smell, an and taste, If Mustard- 
state of Egi eritma = kenn r arts, no ji butin chemical combination—not to be washed out, as was at first ak is k : akoer ar, pag asa ‘me in the moan. Ib. 
appears roposing a! or the attainment of that | Supposed, by every rain, as was alleged—bnt only to be taken out kept, bal ei j 
which a full pppd "if the peewee twill show must hereafter | by succeeding vegetation, I KA, im me Spemineny of the | tastes bitter, acrid and becomes more and more pung 
be another lave correlative work for A ihin oriatt aa a ot ae Tane pant iy a pp wal eri prih ai = Pry the longer it is kept between teeth, On 
amel s for the storage and d bution of water on a e ? Hapi J ° 
see a aes rong ey deficiencies of moisture. As drainage | Rugby, alter the third year. I believe it now stands at fhe moreover, it gives > bright yellow ponien, 
works advance the rivers are filled more rapidly after rains, I| | rate of 50 bushels the acre, S ki m z A A p K 
haye known instances w where we are Kresy a filled in a quatit contrasts most favourably, as the green crops, the milk an By these characters, and especially by the pungent. 
à 2 Haass ia rticularly | butter raised with the produce of ordinary culture. $ smell which Mustard-cake devel when mixed with 
Lancashire, there A ee wi ae radi water oe oe I press no dicta of my own. I disavow ara oi pigreesan priors pa ee be gt X = Fy 
will be zognirod with the pant by of drainage to | results of works in which I have had no offi or personal direc- 3 ustard |- readil distinguished from 
amage fro mn foods 7 it the fas be duly tion; I only suggest independent examinations by competent oe e. Neither Mustard, nor con- 
I hope n France afte e ip Siiani iee “next, E Pap an ideia ee ad taining much Mustard-seed, should ever be used for. 
tion the Aie watery—storage works will red | now in progress in Paris. The particulars obtained i = ugla i K Da TE 
most required for distribution as a means of fertilisation, In | up to a certain time will be fonnd in me minnes ef official in- ng : 
rmer fen or marsh districts of England which are | formation. The principle o rae i 
y steam Pe received th 
£ 
4 
torage wi 
pas against d: 
considered,—as 
ti 
i | i ;” they are reported | P 
by experience y pump the water "Agriculture by Professor Moll. seit Not ago a case of poisoning Mustard-eake , 
degen. too te a too li by this on in the Journal d'Agriculture by x ) -ea 
power of retention and toing to maeh or of Eam of mois- examination on the spot; and by M. Leonce de Lavergne ;—but | was brought under my notice i A ge ti i 
ture, these former inferior or almost worthless lowlands are by the by the two- ae ee pn oa ian association with at Bibury, a village eight miles from Cirencester, 
greater secu: agricul l DA on them rendered names grea! practi a I 
steer srry of the most sean the uplands, for which but not as originators of the system ;—and by M. Lecouteux Gloucestershire, lost three valuable beasts, which had 
l -in his “ Principes de altore Smt! mélio oranie, been supplied with a small quantity of oil-cake, a 
‘ | ich was 7 PS 
-CAKES havin, 
e ( uded from p.747.) became suddenly so ill that, two ma before the 
process rapidly ard economically, and to supply food with the/ Lrinsegp-caKE is manufactured in England, in rica, | veterinary surgeon ter an efficient remedy. 
moisture in the best form for assimilation. gaan re rr | Frane, Bollati, Germany, Russia, Belgium, Ta gae and | The examination showed that the cake which cauged 
onght land, of which large portion was Takes w swamp. other countries, and imported into England | this mischief was either altogether a Mustard-cake 
rainage he removed the swamp and made it corn growing wae er aie | country in which tained a very Jarge proportion of Mustard-seed. 
land. By adopting a principle of liquified manure cultiva- manufa English cake is generally preferred There remained thus no doubt that the beasts died 
An water Hog a race gy em pe Be ‘of mois | to all other varieties, and fetch fi i l of stard, As the 
ture. He now finds, as others will find, that he wants all the | market. However, much (moa upon the fancy of formation of the essential oil of Mustard is prevented 
water which by the mere drainage operation in the first instance | the purchaser : thus, whilst in most localities English | boiling water, and Rape-cak Musta: 
he. dish: unntilises, and that he could use more with | Oo) Pi preferred to Am erican, I am told the latter | seed in a which cannot but exercise an injurious. 
any a vanigso fae Waele A kth p fetches a higher price in Exeter market t than English, ne y upon the health of animals, I would recommen: 
have cost ‘him, they may be executed others— t with įl g water before it is 
Pipes, steam power included with the drainage worka were land to | was s any real difference in the composition of two given * cattle. By this simple means any injury 
mae bee sane i fa yrs pit he Oi Bias is from | samples of pia English Linseed, which were ch Rape-cake containing Mustard-seed would pro- 
40 to 48 bushels per acre, r 40 to 45 hectolitres hectare ; g water, , 
even more, as is done in | of J}, per ton for the American cake. Without men- eg ye ip i but unless the water is in a 
Mitani, apd dhat br an azpeniiinre of fon oe goat tech tioning the details of my examination, I will briefly | state of perfect ebullition, it will fail to accomplish this , 
