844 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [DecemBer 20, 1856. 
mat while i cwt of guano anyone. He considered the most magnificent results had ensued | to the conviction, which the science of chemistry has now eluci- 
A very little inqui ae to show, that while 24 cwt. of guano | any o! He dered the most magnificent results had ensued ) t the conviction, which the f chemistry has luci- 
was worth 30s„ and would produce au increase of 6 bushel of | ina lisy oint of view from ng adoption of the deodorising | dated, ona cereals and bulbs each extracted a different substance 
‘Wheat per acre over ordina: , the same quantity of sewage | process; and as the representatives of the gp oy nterest of the | fro! m the oil, and that this extracted matter, whatever it was, 
matter was nel: evertheless, in the first report of metropolis, it was the duty of the boar Sad se before they | was i i than restored, either by the effect of the atmosphere or 
the Board of Health, dated July, 1849, it was said, “ pn in th mmitted themselves to the vast expend sed. the agency of manure. he researches of the agricultural 
local works which it is necessary to execute e sanitary beat mist were then unknown, but the idea was correct in the 
improvement of ti an entirely new system of sewerage must r. Lethe eby, Medical o arar jA Health f for the City of ain; ye Caray: first arose the famous agricultural system of 
be combined with a new system of house drainage, with w London, said the constituen age of towns aat and green crops, which has now solong main- 
system of water supply, and wi ew syste: moving and | consisted for the most a 7 sated matters, | tained its. preter st cy. The rotation of cropping which on 
of lying the refuse of towns to agricultur 4 thi | and when those were acted upon by lime—whether | strong lands in Scotland first wane = still retains the 
greatest ag is the six course—alw premising that the 
they were in an un lecomposed state, or in a put rescent land must be first made dry by ‘daining—aaauliy com- 
state, the lime precipitated the phosphates, which, in | mencing with a fallow, or fallow crops, such as Tares, or Cole- 
: r matters re t, and t — Wheat, Beans, Barley, Clover, and Wheat. It 
2s r etimes altered to fallow, Wheat, Clover, Oats, Beans, 
existing in sewage waters, and there were left urea, W iesi; ire iy some, there is an objection to this ae from 
uric acid, and other substances of value, wholly | the Bean Crop being so late in the rotation as to ca more 
untouched. The process, th pula aad considered Learned in keeping it clean. But, if a landlord will insist that 
> s TO) 
deficient in the first principles of chemistry. none better than one of these two could be found. The cultiva- 
Another argument was, ‘that the mo ii ies of the of | tion oi 
jc r 
effect was irt ‘by ‘the liquid sewage insummer. Here, then, 
after all, were just two towns, or rather villages, using town 
sewage on the De: on plan—Watford, where the machinery 
vas Ww 
poor only produced the poorest eae ear their cultivation was 
attempted but the greater part presented aay sterile sheep 
Midla: pene walks, or was devoted to ae he of Pei wa His active 
precis ot at mila: portion, Ag sheen a ae y Aaima in | and energetic mind dep! snch a state of "tings, ere he 
the state of the AA health, He was therefore of opinion at the nted 
that the two points to which he had directed his TE viz, 
the chemical principle prapta and the sanitary result claimed, 
were not founded upon sure data. 
yea 
and S " wedish T 
Bása: were then first introduced to this country. Red Clover had 
He had aseri the diminished number of deaths at this 
owen but itl genie and the invariable luxuriance of 
ese Tops, also € 
battle-fields of Europe for the same invaluable material ; they 
tite from Norway; and they did all this while | It had been said that quicklime lib hi onia of the corn crops which succeeded 
sewage lay at their doors, offered to them gratis, and yet they and that the Leicester pl , therefore, A pi Sed A — out the Norfolk system as one with- 
did not find it worth while to accept it. After bringing forward | chemically wrong. He (Mr. Cooke) had stated that it was cream, | out a rival. Was it to be wondered at, then, when landlords 
other instances in support of his views, Mr. Sidne re my = hyd f lime, that was employed, and that the ammonia, | behel g provements which were here displayed, 
thus following out the history of British agriculture in consequence, could not be, and was not, liberated by the | that they were anxious to introduce the like into their respective 
that the profitable use of liquid Cree i process. It had been said that the chemist of the cultural | estates; and when they found persuasion u ling, el 
oft 
object and at theit tendency was to introduce impro roved syste 
Es a aa pvas it has at last robbie down, aan oe ite 
supremacy o hal in that it contained 
1, 
á American cotton and I SR stead 
of British home-spun? Why do we prefer Rosewood to British 
Gak? Why toast our friends in i foreign champagne instead of 
the esti re nae Because the foreign article was 
G 
y 
Mr. Sheriff Mech sai d that the earth was the best and 
e w: 
manure ground; and when a period oi takes plac ime 
p of Harras sonour, sprouted, even before touched with the scythe, 
5 the grain unfit for the maltster, and the straw valueless as fodder. 
his cattle feeding upon the pasture so treated within The ae mes Ends that ae young Cheers rs have been Eid 
-four hours after ie Sa Lasiyeen a forty-eight the y im 
hours after no smell whatev 
Again, with respect to liquid manure ot nny good for o 
crops than those of Sei peng he had found it beneficial to every 
cross crop, and so effective that, w we * was applied in 
E quantities, yA had seen its effects on subsequent 
ms were willing to spa 38,0001. tee start, without any 
vi l nn 
E 
E n 
Bp 
EE 
p? 
a] 
2 
Z 
& 
ya of 1,200,000. m on 
paarina estim: Another gentleman declared that irrigation 
was desirable, pat that it Infected the air. He submitted a plan 
for purifying the sewage before it was es os Te for 
irrigation. “He ian told that "the ammonia ee: the 
effluent water, but the chemists could not detect it 
vote ks was 
every pesca ent pices how much rg bat of th 
o gre 
@. 
g 
£ 
f 
5 
B 
g 
4 
= 
aah ren letter has been received since the 
Gace Tit tae peor oak Parr ties o ad Dy their ne “There. was no time for practical farming m make any 
public iN On ki ii = l gpian aks on of | Observations last evening, otherwise I should fake jar that oo the aie Fa: whieh 
EKT = ieir A fo: ti is orate it | Since I have been engaged in farming on rather a large scale | aS taking place in a par sh adjoining ae me tr AW 
aa T sewage Ada p e niue E J th parner (farming 560 acres), I have been constantly studying all the I reside. At the close of last year my Ltt i a ana anin 
f Sre ianen a ricultural public were prepa: bèd Y | different modes now known formanuring and entiching any land | Crouch, in common with the rest of us, lost a mai Ee am 
pipes ' Porsenna emp their land. Rane as ae at the least cost ; and with respect to the manure made by Mr. p e piece of Sw in a certain large Held, ee a 
at a cost of something enh nena ie etoile Wicksteed’s ss, I should say that it is with the farmers inexplicable disease ; but across this large d was a bi 2 
ee E cores, Wik Anaia most merel: estion of cost. If Mr. Wicksteed’s solid manure con- | of i Swedes, totally uninjured by disease, ah 
y lying th r tin à ogan ™ =z tains .73 per cent. of ammonia and 12 per cent Sayr matters i arvellous contrast to their decaye r fe ret a 
abi 7p ety a ae eaei (as the analysis of Mr.*Voelcker proves) the e ton of it is | neighbours as the cause? Each part e fiel 
Th aro properly worth to rmer as san as 100 te of panna and if the | been manured alike, and each acre had received the like atten- 
a © wat er meadows bs tat is near to the works, it may be ¢ r for him to buy and | tion ` wd sto = neni ee re ae = f 
distribute on his land 3h “foun of this, punta than 8 cwt. of | Sound bulbs had been preceded by Mange papi: 
p Ai aeri tiek mpirani re exploded, twas n vain to guano; but that cost depends, of course, he distance and | mainder of the field had at the same perio c oppet vine 
cecal cbr aona Be ett yi i Sot tow = n | expense of carrying this manure on to his fields. The great Swedes. Our friend Mr. Joseph Paine } old me t a tive 
fo sa turis PRY se S upon | advantage of applying liquid manure by pipes is the small cost ne phen on occurred on the occupation of a near rela at 
uuy of its distribution, as the engine will pump up and distribute | of his, itnessed it in other places as well D 
Mr. Writ gn member of the Metropolitan . Board of manure at a cost of 13d. per ton; whereas the carting of solid | least gather something from these remarkable facts. 
Works) said a favouri ers alon a from the Frage gn to tlio fields and dismiboting r. then proposed alterationsin the 4- Rage 
cost 4s, per ton. so when the manuring principle is . i a e 
ieee ‘amount of fertilising applied to land dissolved in water, it permeates more rapidly systeni, aoa Fale, Em but as the relaxation of 
matter that was Tost aiite the ordinary system of town | through the soil, sad hano snore quickly combined with it, | Possible under certain circumstances. 
than n Ln ut on the reat in a solid state; and until the Let us now suppose that we op hes rotation from the four 
fod Tor pants ciple has ans call ambia with tbe soil, the | to a five course; and that it be Turn auna at P a Al 
or P ants is not ie uced. Professor Way has shown us, | and Wheat. ts a vantages wo ld | 
tes the e cost. £ which i eonna Pe ia by one o e experi , that when liquids con- years it would be found that the four prone wedes, each at 
tz might con: | taining alte hrough six inches of e: On: ? distance from each other, would have 
it would not pay the | tai the such ion of alumina as all corn lands have, | greater aggregate amoun te fis an five crops would ba’ 
l the ammonia is retained and chemically combined vih the | done, each four years distant er, and that the bulbs 
alumina, — the liquid is discharged free from it, wherefore it is | would be much free: niae either a se or failure. I then pro} 
ue when | more desi pply the manure dissolved in water, oud, as is | to take a crop of ur Scotch Tbrevares almost invaria =i 
now the onion, to apply guano t land in wet weather, that | do. We know ag sn heats succe 
its ammonia may be quickly washed in; and 1 may here ps remarkably well when after urnips up to the 
ammoni > 
of that product in gas works was, that it | in answer to one gentleman’s observations, oe Mr. Ta ft Ls middle of February 
rat n nd that peat charcoal has not 
e a galion of the | found that harcoal ha: t so good an effect in other more prolific Spanish Wheats to fall back on; be 
ammonia from liquids as common earth, and it is iee Sipi = lastly, the April Wheat, which m own with security 
from the gas | value for that purpose. If I could get a supply of liquid manure | up to the Ist of May. I may here mention in parenthesis that & 
sal Lav te my farm, Ab seco be doe to aa it, and would dis- | remarkably good farmer (now I am on 7t zgi ea p 
A * x ibute it over my 1 that ca one, I see no | member of this club), and who adopts the rotation w geun 
ed be se ene if > pene reason why farmers should not use Mr. Wicksteed’s solid | sing—I mean Mr. P dka of Cotton End—sows much of the hid 
p! moines ammonia | manure, if its cost per ton, when put on the land, will not exceed | drilled after Turnips with Italian Rye-grass, for the keep y bor 
“hor detaile pages in a the cost of 100 Ibs. of guano. But, of course, if by Mr. Wicksteed’s | couples during the month of March, and, ploughing me 
po more peen facts a ni r e beri pig rae the per sy bad ammonia can be mgeni its value to | about the 1st of April, sows it with Barley and the ordinar pie 
was stated, rak: sel ing i ae Bact + | the farmer will also be JOHN BETHELL.” | seeds. It is, however, very doubtful whether the Italian 
a i er cirai fori tha procese'at 2s. per ton? Those grass could be introduced in this manner to any large O 
ex 
Next, then, in order to the Wheat, comes the Barle of. 
scribed act—two white straw crops together. ; The experience 5 
ers’ lubs. every one who has tried this tells him that this is the 
| gens i Rif e on the Eaacog A a Os ce to obtain a fine sample of malting Barley; ome Se e those who 
sewage to one or two points, and when r. omas referre rst to ag riculture in t kj elon of | to be no prospect of a remission of the ma ’ t | do not propose 
upon. m the earlier Georges, when two crops and a fallow were eniin RTA er =e erat vee ari aa 7 upon the 
e str: € 
said he belonged _to an increasing | the rotation which prevailed, = that Ta the Boni mans, | land some nitrogenous manure, I should do it Me naid 
| He then — guano. Our friend Mr. Mechi would, no doub 3 ers purpose, but 
ie be found the successful solution of | of the improvements first effected in ulture no manure. Perhaps either means would answa is a pretty 
of the p of the Peai: Re said # agricul I agree with the late Mr. Pusey, “ that liquid apes l, o 
: * ET toy, cag polia dung is for farming in earnest. ‘Gabi 
cial | I bel ieve I am only doing justice to our friends north of the | course, mean genuine Peruvian, and not Eoy Fa E 
Tweed if I state that it was the agriculturists of that untry which” v3 ie that name vended a jumns of our agri- 
who, at ‘the close of the last century, Pak. th esas in rie vast | dealers, whos se advertisements crowd t 
: im prove! y | cul 
observed that the same crops mopesiod consecutively became | the Journal of the Royal Agricu ult 
‘Leicester, and the process might be | smaller and smaller in their produce, whilst with intervening | found that guano, at the rate of i however high 
en re. offence to | crops of Clover or roots the produce increased, and this led them | always be applied with profit to the Oat crop, 
ee a ee ee eee 
