x CONTENTS. 
No. 2. 
GEOLOGY OF PORTIONS OF THE ROUTE. ' 
CHAPTER: XI. 
Observations on the orography and general features of relief of the middle and southern portions of 
California. 
Grandeur of the mountains and plaius.—Sierra Nevada and its prolongations southward.—Bernardino Sierra.—Peninsula 
Sierra. —High valleys and table-lands of the northern portion of the Sierra Nevada.—Trend of the a —Southwest and 
nor "SUME trend at the southern end.— Elevation of the chain.—Passes.—Southern limit of perpet ow.—Bernardino 
Sierra.—Extent and position. —Trend.—The boundary of the Great “ee on the south.—Ge ay MEE to the Sierra 
Nevada.—Sudden change in the trend of the coast at Point Conception.—Slope to the sea.—Difference of altitude between 
the coast slope and the Great Basin.—Elevation of the chain and the passes.—Formerly called Sierra es — Peninsula 
Sierra —Extent.—Trend.—General elevation.—Sharp and rugged outline. MK anie character.—Coast Mountains.— 
Pirallel ranges and valleys.—Overlapping of the ranges.—Submerged ranges indicated by the lines of gg 
cıevation.—Ranges between San Francisco ki the San Joaquin.—Mount Diablo.—Cleft or break in the whole chain. — 
Golden Gate.—Valley of the Salinas.—Valley of the bay of San Francisco.—Mount Diablo and Livermore's Valley.— 
Mountains of the Great Basin and Desert. Scip character. —Slopes.—Pai-ute range.—Desert range.— Plains and valleys. 
Great valley of California. —Rivers.—Tulare lakes.— Colorado desert.—Extent of the plain.—Elevation.—Absence of rivers. 
Trend —Elevation compared with the coast slopes and the Great Basin 
CHAPTER XII. 
Geology of the vicinity of San Francisco. 
Enumeration of the principal formations.—Granite north and south of the Golden Gate.— Geological map.—San Francisco 
sandstone.— Points at which it is exposed.— Section at Yerba Buena.— Sandstone and shales. —Decomposition of the rock.— 
Globular masses, the result of decomposition.—Color of the rock.— Lithological characters. —Remains of plants. —Strata 
under the city.—Resemblance to trap rock. — Point Te l island. —State’s prison quarry.—Section of the strata.— 
Dislocation of a bed of the sandstone.—Marin island —Benicia sandstone.—Navy Point. —Conglomerate. mirae of the 
strata at Navy Point.—Hard bluish green masses.— Probable ER of the strata with those near San Fran 
Extension of the strata southward, near Mount Diablo.—Sandstone at New Almaden, San Juan, and north of the ‘Golden 
Gate.—Bellingham bay sandstone, probably the same.—Age of the formation, fossils.—Probable Tertiary age. —Section 
from San Francisco to the Pacific. —Metamorphic sandstone.—Jaspery or Prasoid characters.—Erupted rocks. —Granite.— 
Trap.—Serpentine of Fort Point.—Diallage or Bronzite.—Globular character of the rock.—Strata imbedded in the ser- 
pentine.—Post-Tertiary and alluvial deposits.—Encroachments of the sea. —Drift or surface accumulations. —Sand dunes.— 
Beach on the Pacific as تاه‎ Valley. Stratification and ripple marks. —Artesian wells at San Francisco idi San 
José. 
CHAPTER XIII. 
Tertiary formations of Ocoya creek, Monterey, and other localities. 
cene n" at the head of the Tulare valley.— Eocene fossils.—Ocoya creek, Tertiary.—Extent of the formation.— 
Sofi —Absence of vegetation. —Steep slopes —Lithological characters. —Pumice stone and volcanic ashes 
tion of am ids — Charcoal.— Deposition of oxide of iron by infiltration. —Formation of gypsum.—Resemblance of the 
lines of oxide of iron to those produced in strata by pressure.—Fossils.—Shells.—Sharks’ teeth.—Mastodon. ilicified 
wood.-—Evidenees of shallow water and currents at the time of the deposition of the fossils.—Resem 
accumulation.—Probable miocene age of the deposits.— Former existence of volcanoes in the Sierra Nevada, — Tertiary of 
Carrizo creek and the Colorado desert.—Lithological characters. —Concretions. samen drift along the Colorado and 
Gila. —Miocene fossils.—Tertiary of San Diego.—Trap dyke.—Fossils.—Tertiary of the Bernardino >ierra and San Fer- 
wer -—Strata of Los Angeles and San Pedro.—Fossils.— Tertiary at Monterey. I tee characters. —Infusorial 
ls — Fossil shells. —Foraminifera. —Tertiary of the southern end of the Great Basin.—Silicified stems. — Post-Pliocene 
an of Monterey, San Pedro, and San Diego.—Recent elevation of the coast.—General observations on the Tertiary 
formations. —Miocene at the توب‎ of the Sierra Nevada.—Comparisons. 
