6 CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER III. 
From the mouth of the Apishpa, via the Sangre de Cristo, to Roubideau's Pass—August 2 to 25, 1858. 
Valley of the Apishpa.—Rocks ar om " the hills and valley.—Small cation —Examination of the caiion.— Indian 
writings. Piet —Small pines.—Rou the wagon train.—Rocks and grass —Game.—Appearance of the mount- 
8 —Flowers MUN horses. ahabona on the Arkansas in sight.—Rains, dews, winds.—Course of the 
Apishpa, sod eke character of the country.—Discovered that we were not on the Huerfano.—Road to Raton 
Pass.—Cuchara river.—Fine view.—Trip to the Greenhorn settlement.—Clay and shale banks of the Cuchara.— 
Dog towns.— Wild horses. ferent river and butte.—Huerfano cañon —Apache creek.—Trail from Taos.—Trader’s 
camp.—Granaros.—Greenhorn settlement: its population and productions —Massalino, the guide—Sleeping a 
ments in Greenhorn.—Huerfano butte.—Direct line from the Arkansas to the upper Huerfano, leaving the form 
above the mouth of the mae its railroad character—Size of the Huerfano river.—Soil Building sales 
Ascent of the Huerfano.—Taos trail, via El Sangre de Cristo Pass.—Approach to the Sangre de Cristo Pass.— 
Sand and limestone.— Railroad Nm —Timber.—Flowers.—Game.—Diffieulties in the approach.—The passage of 
the Sangre de Cristo Pass.—Scenery.—Game.—Distances, altitudes, grades.—Railroad line through the pass and its 
western descent to Fort aai Ric ama of the mountains to the south of the Spanish peaks.—Hunters 
from Taos.—Snow in and about the Sangre de Cristo Pass.—Trip to Taos.—$San Luis valley: its streams and settle- 
nts.—Indian signals and robbery.—Red river of the Rio Grande del Norte.—Valley of Taos: its igiene 
i" eultivation.—Return to Fort Massachusetts.—Antoine Leroux, guide.—Men discharged.—Mr. Taplin 
Mountain spring.—Sage in San Luis valley.—Roubideau's Pass: its rocks, character, grades, elevation i en 
valley, and moustelt ciere DEINEN Loo can ees cueseedpüwcs bis ences cube reuubn krmi ne iE gaehae econ adio 
CHAPTER IV. 
From Roubideaw’s Pass, via the Coochetopa Pass and Grand River valley, to the Nah-un-kah-rea or Blue 
river— August 25 to September 20, 1853. 
Gigantic sand-hills.—Williams' Pass. —Stampede.—Sand and sage.—Chatillon, pi Teton, and pian ee 
ame.—Seene of Colonel Frémont’s ae of 1848-'49.— Vegetation and soil.—-Homans! creek.—Currants.— 
Sahwatch spring and butte.—Coochetopa Pass gate.—Sinking of Sahwatch etes caiman bod ave dusty 
soil.—General character of San Luis valley. —Favorable character for a railroad of the lower part of the Sahwatch 
valley. —Deer, grouse, and trout.—Captain Gunnison's examination of Homans’ park: its fertility —Gunnison’s Pass: 
its position and railroad practicability—Puncha creek and country east of the pass.—Indieated lines for roads.— 
Mountain sheep.—Approach to the Coochetopa Pass.—Carnero Pass —Leaving Sahwatch creek.—Mountain forms, 
timber, rocks.—Passage and character of the summit of the host Pass: altitudes and grades in approaching 
it, &c.—Method of levelling.—Grades and tunnel.—Existe of a pass north of the Coochetopa Pass.—Valley of 
Pass creek.—Valley leading to Carnero Pass —Grades. a railroad line from the Coochetopa Pass.—Arte- 
misia.—Coochetopa creek.—Pass Creek canones.—Charaeter of mountain storms.—Grand river: its character, 
valley, and adjacent mountains.—Confusion of names.—Character of and passage around the first cañon of Grand 
river.—Tables or mesas.—Brief general description of Grand River valley and caüones.—Fall of the river.—Ice.— 
Indian smokes and method of hunting.—Captain Gunnison’s description of Grand River valley repeated—Railroad 
PIPES .—Searcity of timber.—The guide’s dilemma. —Difficulties, character, and passage of Lake Fork.—Delu- 
appearance, exhibiting the broken character of the country.—Effects of mountain air.—View of the Sierra 
ii la Plata.—Utah Indians on Cebolla creek.—Indian presents.—Mountain reconnoissance.—Fine view of distant 
mountain peaks and adjacent valleys and streams.—Position of the Spanish trail—Ascent and passage of the 
mountain.—Ascending and descending grades.—Valley of the Uncompahgra: its cacti, sage, soil, &c.—Ut 
dians.—W omen of great age. Hd scene.—Descent of the Uncompahgra valley.—Utah Indian parties: great 
numbers in camp.—Indian “ talk” and presents.—Roubideau's old fort.—Cro&sing Grand river.— Difficulties to be 
encountered in constructing a railroad along the cañon portion of Grand river.—Character of the country below 
Roubideau' s old fort.—Una-weep cafion and ereek.—Kah-nah creek.—Nah-un-kah-rea or Blue river.—Steep eastern 
—River crossing.—River entrance into this valley; its size and character 
CHAPTER V. 
From Blue river crossing to Gree: , White, and San Rafael rivers and the eastern foot of the Wahsatch 
Pass—September 20 to October 13, 1853. 
Purchase of Indian horses.—Indian veracity.—Soil.—Salt re .—Indian trails to the Uintas.— Coal vedi on 
of Grand river.—Rocks.—Coal.—Daily change of temperature.—Aqueous deposits and barrenness of the valleys.— 
Climate.—Seareity of cultivable lands.—Leroux returns to New Mexico.—Details of the country between Grand and 
Green rivers.—Best position for railroad indicated: grades, &c.—Fanciful forms of mountains.—Reach the noted 
trail.—Disheartening view.—Ash-heap character of the soil —Searcity of water.—Diffieulty in the construc- 
tion of a railroad from Grand to Green river.—Crossing Green river.—Utah Indians.—Character of Roan mountains 
eas ioe R 
ee ee E 
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