6 CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER III. 
From the valley of Franklin river, east base of the Humboldt mountains, to the crossing of the Humboldt 
river—May 24 to June 9, 1854. 
Journey along the eastern base of the Humboldt mountains. mp hot springs.—Mountain chiefly granite.—Eclipse 
es.—Shore-lines.—Digger Indians.—Fevers.— Numerous springs.—Outlet of subterranean river.— 
Passage of the Humboldt mountains to the southern Tis p Humboldt river.—-Interior or secondary basin.—Dig- 
ger methods of catching gophers and marmots.—Indian singing, lodges, and wardrobes. Quies mountain.— 
Agate Pass.—Rheumatic fevers.—Snow-storm.——Difficult ore Hagen orgs and miry plain.—Edible roots.— 
Return to proposed railroad line.-—Description of the valley of the Humboldt.—Character of the vegetation of a 
large portion of the country between the Rocky mountains and re m Nevada.—Humboldt river.—Bad character 
of its water and grass.—Cause of the loss of stock; how avoided - — - 30 
CHAPTER Iv. 
From the crossing of Humboldt river, via the Madelin Pass, to the junction of Fall river with the Sacra- 
mento, and back to the shore of Honey lake, eastern base of the Sierra Nevada—June 10 to July 
4, 1854. 
Crossing Humboldt riyer.—Droves of cattle and sheep.—Lassen’s meadows, and AE of the western course of 
t t river.—Country and passages to the west.— Willows and water u —Noble’s 
road scolis oid lakes, or pee and deserts; their passage.—Frémont's iif of ecl in i google 
character of some of the mountain spurs and plains.—Examination of the Sierra Nevada; their broad, massive, and 
terrace character.—Marshes, ponds, and stony surface.—Indians.—Madelin Pass examined.—View of Mount Shasta.— 
Grades and altitude of pass.—Country southeast of the broad plains of Madelin Pass.—Light, miry, and stony soil.— 
Indians.—Basin character of the broad plains of the summit of the Sierra.—Game.—Error in location of Feather 
river in the best authenticated maps.—Fores ieee to Round valley; waters of the Sacramento.—Practica- 
bility of this descent for a railway.—Indians, (Pah Utahs?).—Grave.—Emigrant road (Lassen’s) and Oregon road.— 
Source of the Sacramento; its first cation —Grades.—Pitt river; Pah-Utah or Digger Indian women digging 
roots.—Making arrow-heads.—Indian piger —Impracticability of esci the Saeramento with wagons; ; 
its examination to the mouth of Fall river.—Second canon of the Sacramento.—Impassable volcanic rocky fields.— a 
Character of the river banks.—' Timber —Grades.—Reference to itinerary, from July 15 to 21, for a description ; 
of the Sacramento below Fall river.—Recrossing the Sierra Nevada.—View of peaks of the coast range.—Graves 
of emigrants —Pine creek. Nie s Pass road.—Summit creek —Susan ES lake. voee s farm in — uc. 
Lake valley s - 36 M 
E CHAPTER V. 
otn 
From the valley of Mud lake, via Honey lake and Nobles Pass, to Fort Reading, at the junction of Cow 
creek with the Sacramento river, California— July 5 to 12, 1854. 
From Mud to Honey and Pyramid lakes.—Honey Lake valley —Noble’s road.—Boiling springs.—Northern limit of the 
sources of Feather river.—Reascending the Sierra Nevada via Susan river.—Plain from Summit to Pine crook. — 
Character of the mountain from Susan river to Pine creek.—Grades.—Broad trunk of the mountain.—Fro ne 
ereek to Black Butte creek.—Grades. peel direetly west from camp on Black Butte creek ; its Spes iy 
for roads.—Ascending Black Butte creek.—Lava field.—Black Butte.—Distribution of sand. dnd des.—Hat creek.— 
Head of Canoe Creek valley.—Line west from Hat creek.—Crossing Wolf creek to the western summit of the Sierra 
Nevada.—Grades.— Western descent of the Sierra.—Battle creek.—Deer flats.—Hill's rancho.—MeCumber's mill.. 
i town.—Narrow ridge and steep ene —Table of e and altitudes.—Difficulties of the sag for a rail- | 3 
oad.—Arrival at Fort Reading - - - 47 
CHAPTER VI. 
Ascent of the Sacramento river from Fort Reading to the mouth of Fall river, (line of the Madelin Pass,) 
and thence by the valley of Canoe creek to Noble’s Pass, and return to Fort Reading—July 15 to 26, 
1854. 
Character of the Sacramento valley above Fort Reading.—Mining village.—Sacramento river enclosed by mountains ; 
its character.—Trail to Yreka.—Stream k the Sacramento, —McCloud’s Fork.—Salmon.—Pittsburg ferries.— 
Snows and and freshets.— Ascent of the river.—Rapids.— Hot spring.—Re-ascent of mountain.— River still shut in by pre- 
cipitous mountains. —Valley at the mouth of Canoe creek.—Second cañon of the Sacramento; its character —Table 
of grades from Fall river to. Fort Reading —Completion of the survey of Madelin Pass.—Return to Black Butte 
creek, Noble's Pass.—Numbers of Indians daily seen.—Fields of lava.—Valley of Canoe creek; difficulty of its = 
sage. —Disappointed in he course of Black Butte ereek.—Night march.—Return to Fort wN g.—Sacram 
valley.—Party disbanded - 54 
