THE STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. Z 
rtions or lobes, instead of being round, are sharp and pointi 
pia the leaf is arrow-shaped or sa, eittate (Fig. 18) and en oF 
if the lobes, i instead of pointin, downwards, are turned outwards, it is 
halbert-shaped or hastate (Fig. 181) : if the lobes are rounded, it is aurieu- 
late or eared. When the lobes of a kidney-shaped leaf unite, and the 
Peo appears to be fixed in its centre, it is called pedtate or shield- 
24, Various terms are used is Brey be the aper or termination of 
leaves and similar eri viz. : acute, when terminating in a sharp ang’ 
without much tapering ; lane’ se pointed, if the apex is narrowed 
into a point ; pais if far ta Regis a small abrupt point; obtuse, 
if ending ina unt neate, sega it appears as if cut 
off abruptly ; pees x ed indented. at r emar, 
nate, when decid ndented ; and obcordate, fa tee so much so as to 
ihe heart. 
5. The Bes of the leaf, when without any notches or indentations 
és om kind, is entire ; when with sharp teeth pointing forwards, like the 
teeth of a saw, it is serrate. If the teeth point outwards i nstead of to- 5 
wards the apex, it is said to be ons a or toothed ; if the teeth are 
TURN it is crenate or scallo + gi f these indentations of the margin are 
are seal 
A margin with a wavy outline is called eas - if the indentations 
are deeper, shallow and rounded, vert vit teeth are irregular 
and sharp, the leaf is said to be incised or tines joes leaf has the mar- 
: ‘t te F : “hype 
gin 
nearly to the middle, it is cleft: if nearly to the midrib, ee or it 
quite to the midrib or base, divided. The number of these di visions is 
A yee | thus we say 2-/lobed, 3-cleft, noe. . The : 
division Srp follo 4 the distribution of the veins, and a pin- 
ae be pinnately-cleft, pinnately-parted, &e., and apek o 
ree one will be palmat pt sc -divided, ke. : 
& a to the division o c their nargins, Sere every variety 
be on 
Rachis 200 a peleatcly or at ‘op . oC 
pound or di ate, bear y of a common peu 
64). SW hen the leaflets of in. 
ly. « ab: 
(Big. leaf are in even 
