THE STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. 9 
Flowers are developed from buds occupying the ag cae as those — 
which produce branches, and the prtoes regards t wer as a short 
branch with its leaves ina — state of developement, the different 
parts of the he answering to ee The manner in which flowers 
€ablte: Ys termed inflorescence. 
32. The simplest Sorin § is when the stem is copiaied by a flower-bud, 
as in the Tulip; as the stem grows no longer in this tion, this is 
¢ determinate inflorescence, but it is generally the case that flow 
are thrown out the axils of the leaves, while the stem keeps on 
his form, of whi € modifications, is mde- 
5 
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nate 
which remain like sg se the rest of the plant, the i 
(Fig. 184) ; but more commonly, when flowers are produced, the leaves 
become smaller, a nd the joints = _ stem shorter, and some kind of a 
flower cluster is formed. In this case the reduced or transformed leaves 
are called B racts, and the flower lait receives various names according 
3. When flowers arise each from the axil “ = _— _—_ a ag 
pedicel of fer own, a Raceme is formed; the ma m or axis 
Rachis or Common Pedunele ; and the stall ota pond eat its Pali 
Here the ane isan ; me e flowers are —_ 
being raised upon pedicels be iced. the lower mpc 
of a short raceaie are e clongated 0 t so that all the flowers are raised 
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Composite Family, of which the common Sunflower is an ; 
apex of the stem is expanded to form a Receptacle, upon which the sepa- 
= flowers orels = ced; here the an involucre | 
und the head and sometimes appear upon the receptacle as Chaff. A — 
heir spike like that of the Indias ‘Turnip and — Cabbage is called 
a Spadiz, and the hood-like involucre which sometimes surrounds it, a 
Spat A scaly spike, like those of the willow is called an Ament or — 
if the pedicels of a raceme are branched a Panicle is produced. 
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out others, and thus a oat is he es 
