VALERIAN FAMILY. 165 
Obs. ‘The root of the madder abounds in coloring matter, and is per- 
haps, the most valuable of all ayeine materials. Combined with proper 
mordants it produces a great — of colors and oe varying from 
the most delicate pink to the darkest brown, and eve nblack. ‘The great 
supply is from Holland, ges . Be cult _ to some ee in this 
of Galium, 
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ali to to mera they i gras or Be iran are tan as pe 
requi 
2. ag aan Leaves opposite, with stipules between them. 
Ovary free from the calyx. 
2.  Saciale LIA, Loe 
[Named for Prof. Spigelius, 
Calyx 5-parted, _ istent ; the lobes slender. Corolla tubular-fannél: 
form, 5-lobed at the means 3 valvate in the bud. Stamens 5; anthers 
linear. Style slender, hairy above jointed near the middle. i short, 
twin, laterally flattened, separating at maturity from the base 
ca i w-seeded 
rpels, which open clay fe Herbs with the. opposite 
leaves uni e stipules, and the flowers spik 
sided ¢ 
s. L. Stem upright, simple ; leaves sessile, ovate- 
L Screg 
lance ; Spike 3 tube of the airs four times 
the Ie tant of the calyx, the lobes pean! Ses anthers le & 
Maryrianp Spicenta. Carolina or Indian Pink. eiccck Worm- 
grass. 
Root consisting of a great supe of of ee Stems annual, n somewhat 4- 
angled, once 6= 13 inchs high. -3 inches long pide gracing” half as wide at 
base, pubescent on the margins an jo ed Good an inch and a half long, —* 
outside, ye ellow w: ithin. 
Pennsylvania to Wisconsin and southward. 
= A showy and beautiful plant, sometimes cultivated in the faaui 
t is introduced here on account of its commerce ercial value. The 
anthe! ne, 
y Orie 
packing. An infusion of the root, common decree as “ Worm 
is one of the most popular medicines of its c' hs 
Ouver XXXVIM. VALERIANA’CEA. (Vauanrax a 
Herbs with opposite leaves wi chao — nt with the ovary ; corolla 
erly pyre set Solero wer than i eben teens Be a Soa © 
tui 1- 3; fruit dry ty ghee: or with 2 empty cells and the other 
-seeded ; seed sui sticks wisheak al 
wn ear rp “is produced by a a species of the genus Valeriana, and the — 
"roots of one of our nati the Indians of the far west. The only plant 
Sesincak ieia oe amend on the two following pages. 
pe penton ig Nomar ec ayo tho one described o 
