COMPOSITE FAMILY. . 
ll. HELIAN’THUS, Z. Sunrtower. 
(Greek, Helios, the sun, and Anthos, a flower ; from the resemblance of the flowers.} 
Heads many-flowered ; ray-florets numerous, ral. Involucre ee 
cated in 3 or more series,—the seales often tollenoone and spreading a 
x. Receptacle flattish or convex, and large,—the persistent chaff por 
bracing the akenes. _Akenes laterally compressed or sometim er 4- 
ded, not winged or ee f 2 chaffy or awn-like scales, 
a from the principal wet of the akenes, and often with 2 or more 
termediate smaller scales decid ; Kee s, annual or pee ~ 
mostly stout and rough. pac opposite or alternate. Heads 
what corymbose or solitary ; a bright yellow disk florets velioalh 
or sometimes purplish at summ 
1. H. rusero’svs, + Roo ask oblong tubers ; stem erect, branch- 
ing, sreoynin leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, ake a , scabrous, pee 
late,—the low: SS ae soondat at base ; petioles ciliate; scales of the 
involucre ection ree and ciliate 
Tuserous Henrantuts. ¥ erusalem Aiichoke . 
Fr. Topinambour. Germ. Die Erdartischoke. Span. otem 
Root perennial? (or rather appeari al, by the annual produc of tuberous 
rhizomas ? ah ps or 8 foot high, stout, ee tee te dose hir ge Zaaves = 6or 8 
— long, ae scabrous on the ge surface, airieliy cae 
eately-tapering margined is 1-2 or 3 inches lot | lower etn op- 
Poste (or hacen # Apeirng-? the ae pies ran rnate. Heads sh ad Ak some- 
4-sided, cuneate- oblong, smooth ; pappus 1 a ‘Aoually 2) subulate 
gre Faery por" lots : cultivated. Native of Brazil. FI. August-Sept. Fr. October. 
Obs. This Sunflower i fo often cultivated for the firm fleshy tubers, or 
pon found at its These tubers are ges 
co hig comm ec) also, feeding stock. It 
may be aaiteed bake here, that in a rich mellow soil, a multiply so rapid- 
ly, as to make the plant rather troublesome and difficult to kee — within 
The common name “ Jerusalem Arti sag is eal to be a cor- 
ruption * the Italian name for the plant—Gz 
2. H. an’nuvs, Z. Root fibrous, annual; stem shimtiineacio auido a 
leaves pont and cca ovate, petiolate ; “heads subsolitary, Very. large. 
Annvan Hewsanruus. Sunflower. « 
Stem 4-8 feet high. Leaves 6-12 inches long and 4-8 inches wide, oi pactiais es 3-6 
inches in Asgier Heads of flowers 4-15 inches in diameter, flat, often nodding ; rays 1 2 
inches long. Akenes obovate oblong, striate, somewhat pubescent, leaden-brown with 
white Bon SM and stripes. : 
ens. Native of Peru. August —October. ; 
Obs. This species is often cultivated, rol is seers naturalized te 
gardens. A kind with the ach oaie all develo rays is ( 
The akenes conta pobtes rig oil, and it has bee 
tivate the plant for the sake o f this product ; "too ave 
