COMPOSITE FAMILY. 195 
spinescent at apex. Receptacle ~ iSenioed, or bristly-ch Corolla 
5-cleft—the — thick at _ half as long as the sobs, pang very 
unequal. obovate ¢ mpr rae 0 + headed, smooth. Pa in 
several series, ‘ong, plum sri the ieiaticn free at base, but attached to 
a deciduous ring. Perennial spinose herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnati- 
fidly lobed, ase! decurrent. Heads large, with a thick fleshy receptacle. 
bao G. serene us, L. Stem branching ; leaves subspinose, bipinnatifid 
metimes oe tomentose beneath ; scales of the involucre 
margi- 
ds 
ovate, "thick a nd fleshy at base, obtuse at apex and somewhat e 
nate—rarely subspinescent, straight or slightly « divergent. 
ichoke. 
Fr. icrmgivang Germ. Die Artischoke. Span. Alcachofa. 
Root pere: —5 feet high, stout, striate and tomentose. Leaves large, entire 
or lobed an Sey aot. Heads ovoid, 2-31 meter . florets blue or videt purple. 
Gardens : cultivated. Native country uncertain. Fl. ‘Aug. Fr. Sept 
Obs. The thick receptacle, mapa with the fleshy bases of the scales 
bultiva d. species, oon (C. uncalus, L.), wi 
the leaves all havlaaately lobed, and rerni spinose, £6 whieh t fein 
is nearly allied (if, in it be not, as Prof. De C 
mere variety produced by long culture), is also cultivated ated for ‘the thick 
fleshy petioles and ribs of the leaves, which are rendered delicate and 
mane by etiolation, or blanching, after the manner practiced with 
lery. 
25. CIR’SIUM, Tournef. Tuistue. 
[Greek, Kirsos, a varix, or enlarged vein ; for which the plant was a ‘sobiteds remedy .J 
Heads many-fl ees heridens all similar a wd was or rarely imperfectly 
dicecious. Involuc bglobose ; scales cated in numerous series, 
y ad or niboel with a spine. x ear fimbrillate. Akenes 
oblong, essed, n ep sia Pappus of many series, 
airs united into a deciduons ring at , plumose, merely dent 
ne stouter ones slightly slariiect at apex. Biennial or 
, sessile or decurrent, often pinnatifid wi the nang — 
and segments anced te oieehi ones much larger than the ——- ~~ 
is usual with brennials. 
* Involucral ger all ieee with ~ oo prickles. 
1. C. lanceola’tum, Scop. on the stem and forming 
@ spinose lobed wing, *imatitas oriekly iy hi on the upper surface, 
cobwebby beneath—-the segments lanceolate Led et ae 
involuers ovoid, nearly bractless ; scales linear ceolate, tipped with > 
Spine, the outer ones spreading. 
Lanceoiate Cresivm. Common Thistle. . 
Fr. Chardon lanceolé. Germ. Die Kratndistel. Segre 
