FzsavAnr 11, 1865.) THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 131 
“ы = оо = ә nauseum анши RERUMS TUNDSSSUSVSBAQ ER 
gwed les manured with ground coprolites have given the | unable to get get frat. from af |f ^ a such constituents are | ammoniac. „Кә somni ufacturo of these salts cannot be 
we d рег acre. |This must be altogether wani These, as long are in the ground, are | extended beyond a certain фир, аз the raw material is not to 
greatest yield p "TER h d ти Абс? pee А "but p of it“ Lo M eet Both | be obtained om unlimited quanti: ,oM 
exceptional. ] Those manure m one-ash are second { names signify the same thing. 16 is now clear that in the| Тһе best sorts of MADERA s ontain 8] per cent, of 
a ose manured with dissolved boues stand next, producta which tho farmer brings to market he sells a part of | ammonia; thus, a yearly араг tobiga. ot 300, 000 tons " guano 
That portio on manured with dissolved coprolites, the act vet agents of h ории э. |a 4 рент. 9 бр іѕ а quantity representing 100,000 of sulphate of e monia. 
little better than. йе unmanured portion harves ust Ж су grow 1 e ratio This is more than could possibly be manufact y in two 
appears very пие Fie › | conditions yon its production hear years in all England, oe a and Germany е 
e reason of which may be : the dissolved сорго- | Тһе following Table gives a summary of the matters which | Salts of ammonia are used as manure only in small quantity, 
lites were frest made, and red might have been а | аге drawn from the soil iu different crops :— and the comparatively low price arises from the small demand 
" free acid present, an s have injured the for the purposes of husbandry. hen Peruvian guano ceasi 
little 0 / E m d being somewhat shaded byan a s | H $ д to be imparted, i the price o чы ud — -- Considerably 
oung piant ; E а E Ра rise. The present price at sulphate of ammonia, oii н -s 
с the plants mi e been checked in that E 8 E а = E 95 per cent. of pure ammonia, is 15/. 10; a pound o 
v, as I observed that the remaining Swedes in that = & 8 P ^ | would thus be worth 6s. 64., and the ton 
way, h larger afterwards, the season bein losphoric Acid.—This acid is found іп all parts of the world 
plot grew muc ger » Е | Potash ..| so | 40 | бе | 42 | 184| 44 i iand in coprolites, in Spain, Canada, the Antilles, E d 
then very mild. зрб abcr Phosphorio si add 12| 45 | вв | 18 | 20 | jor | 42 |in урт и Уһоерһонуи and, арчи, wd 
ехрегі .. 2 2 | 70. 
Th above р d h the ut t Th ins Ф 8 : 2 | 28 3> The price of soluble pope дь is to (A determined by 
superintendence and wit e utmost care. 
own super d f 1 th d [100 |100 | 100 |100.0!| 100 | 0% of superphosphate f lim whe: п it contains 20 per 
results being laid before your readers, they can draw cent. of soluble | hos rwy eia costs 6l. Thus, the ton 
their own conclusions from them. The experiments А glanon s Mare TII ihe p diete dió e — to 30l. ; the pound to 3.21d. 
A ashes of flesh suffices at once to make intelligi Are e^ fect oi e Зай Җан in the phosphates can only be rec 
ade the following year I hope £y чо the penus of pbosphates (bone-dust) and of guamo. Hoth "e Jy ечи хт, СЕ геа. y koned 
sending to you in the course of a week or two, 2, T. soil two conditions of fertility -phosp horic acid A podes Mp ashes are the chief sonrce of potash. Of 
Kensington, F.0.S., Moolham, Somerse whioh it r had Vol b A y mme es of cultivation : and FROM. the lie salts or potash have yo, manufactured from sea water 
produce of the fie ished with. ecrease ese | well as e ta of rock salt near Stassfurt, but 
— 5 but А on being augmented, again put the field dnas nok apem e rore e either уйде so mueh as was expect 
REPORT OF BARON LIEBIG ох э inhabitant of the town consumes in the bread, flesh, T — P potash -— ы 
that it will not be possible t. ply it at less than iti 
ERROR АТАХ SEWAGE. and vegetables wh ion. T eats the component parts of these price. The ar а $ рет 4 E ae Фа v Led 
Е folowiog i the munication from Baron дг» mese рев diferent foods spru Aj. бай. ят which TAR tains, according to analysis, not above 53 per -- of potash, 
e conditions о eir growth. ence а ese accumulai which at 19l, per ton, gives 35l. 10s, ton potash— per 10, 
Liebig, President of the R by ү Academy of Seipnpp at ip towns in the fluid and solid voidings of the inhabitants. | 3.844, 9 " ре " ж 
Munich, on subject a ihe utilisation of metropo- the following а nalysis it will be seen that the excrements | These, the market prices of ammonia, phosphoric acid, and 
litan sewage. € was rend at ће Common Council ol one man, who consumes (I.) Potatos, mesh, and bread, and | potash, I shall take as my guide in «байца the worth of 
н m thane " £ another a who feeds on meat and but little bread, sewage; but I shall employ them first to fix the worth of 
last week. nd referred by i d E тару 
» wee Com a s nc by itio tho Coni present a mixture of the incombustible parts of their food :— Forvian gum чер, 
шапсе к represent а mixtum of уло шоо EE iti AU — | The best of gu on an average r cont, 
T0 THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD MAYOR OF LONDON. I. Indi- |П. Indi- | of ammonia, yy per Gent. of V bonne кү ni and 
y Munich, E 19,1865, 1. vidual. | vidual. | 3 rer 7$ 0.6 per cu ani rdingly Ч 
an. . lue o LEM is as follow: 
Мү Lomp.—In compliance with а pare on m he ur o жн ое ton dim «à contains— 
the Corporation, 1 have the honour d your Lordship | Poi .. ». b. ence, pence. 
my Snc on the utilisation of the setis "Y the metropolis. Phosphoric acid s a Ammonia 190% Ri 6.6 1257 
iter a profound and admirable investigation of the sanitary, Lime, ќе. .. Phosphotio н 67 soluble .2 215 
аю, and agricultural questions connected with the P 201 insoluble 922 
sewage, the select committee of the House of Commons, unde 63. 100. 10 Potash .. "OX cedar 51 
ке prendengy of Lord да а hu xp add pee The relation of the town to the country, or of the pla J= Eon 
JW WAS DOLOR I ронан ро воке at | of consumption to that of production of food, із thus айе 14e, 
its application to agricultural purposes, if properly con- intelligible at once. This is the real value of 1 ton of Peruvian 
ducted, great benefit ight be derived from by In the English towns in which water-closets are intro The higher price that the farmer pays "e it it (191. 10s.) is a 
the country he towns which furn " it. диа. tbese matters form {һе prinsipal ingredients of the faney price, which by some agricultural chemists is still main- 
tained to the evi бей, detriment of the farmer. Ther calcula- 
wage. фе e must e D. added the urine animals £ the . 
АЯ the streets o; i bles, containing the A add of their и із based оп а доп, Т that certain mat 
fodder ; Dokides this, Ре constituents o of the food ur d 0, rich in nitrogen for xan „uie 
from the ocean ; and, finally, m rinsings of the kitehen, and feral sing propertie: rable by its nitrogen. What 
part of the blood and of l of the slau htered animals. ' Pho Ер k is, that the idus "ot Peruvi ian guano after lixiviation 
pones of these шшш of whi di phospho: a is те poe by water, and which contains the whole quantity of uric 1 
ingredier nt, do enter the sewers, pup ied to T а certain tents 2 of earthy pou has little effect оп 
egetation; not more than may be asc 0 the phosphates, 
x T s jd will be easily u dg that if a роне is ud calouidting me to be 
offered to the OT © got t bac эз wd neis] К же PEPPE inadmissible to gio to matters a market value as long as 
ich, at a so 
va ritten and 
spoken on this question leads me to believe that s eed 
number of persons in England, eu the more enlightened, 
on sewa в a nuis 
M 
dress my remarks, and if my endeavours to convince them of 
the money value of the SE Dd Рае be successful, and 
thus prevent ovor-hasty steps bein en, the task I have 
y ТОЕТ T 
These questions therefore, which have been elucidated already S has carried to tj 
i the Sele po and usd id and if he gives his eld Thé dien both in i арй ў 
quantity з - quatem. pa. tpar he took pA m then its fertility ih ow that the firmor derives no corresponding advantage from 
igh 1 eir use; he ought, to speud his money апу 1 I the purchase 
inbabitants of towns, and ros leer] toe acts and prin- br et feudi matters, the effects of which аге known and perfectly 
ane which onght to b as guides Y stimate with constancy if the causes of ita e fluctuating, paia a а | corta 
the w * and field cannot амлу МӨ m erops if the c conditions of ей 
е: 
point, namely, for certain i h 
more tangible dy the result of m. inquiries. These figures 
are not put forth as absolu tora ; indeed, in tbe present 
state of Ld tiny rno ротора he wi rid i is able to state Шеш 
with per за. pron 
d En si ei det iem sili мачы М 
man of other lands, but because he acts more in harmony haga 9 pu is the uncertainty ati id g the valuatio: 
quon. : in | the annual amount of sewage, two hie E by 
thelaw on wbich production IE In no country аа е ace iut E тойа e LAM 
у 
sant with the history of agriculture will 
уо that i in 1 ihe lat а bal oftbe Jast-oonb ury praetice found a 
meaus by the culti mat ion of Cloyer and other E adap for putting 
an end р ihe ураса. e 4 and for beginning а new one 
of rotation of crops. " k: as an increase in the regnm. sidering the means by id qeu are obtained, the AS Crops А [s 
are not of a lasting id ^ their grade t in the fields, pito to enter qoo hi 
Жетет. а "tie copia a А8, — is but symptoms of exhaustion. The Lo ow consi ers an P. A Shi made by aor чү н - i itin orie 
fesh the fà. ра e m the amore manure the ОСО nti: npk аз а donbtfu ctae but rather Thudichum epi ios tate to take his vus ts is 
` At thal had a ect idea of the cause of the ulation of 
fertility o F1 the Soil. g Sd ьн А нй а Е did it then occur 
anybody that the рати " ше Clover fields would nor have 
A Wale. arming was based on the pro- 
V эз lds 
prd 
ws exactly what һе buys, and judges accu- 
"ius tely the ааг, which he intends to kou uta his и relative X rw "ж acid in sad vn 
machines ; while the farmer, in ы choice of fitting manures | 600. ned in fi two; ro Phan phosphoric 
for his land, is guided by vague notions which he calls his | 0001 amounts, theref we 2 ^a little more than 104 tons. 
experience. Hen must wait it for his [ОР E see E P has The phos harie pal in urine and fæces is in proportion Юю 
anagemen vor Au FA to 5 accordingly the woidings of ш 
tells him which тоапигез and PA uanti Ss feld gon tons o 
equiti. anac iat adus d tnis i» the |, These нА шов ме эге „irresnecti где арй Ме 
reason why he is almost unable Moe the worth drinkers. wever, in y ooo ge еа о! 
of sewage. This, however, he will soon РР when КУА d T. fec Vue ka jd о р тір 
M rigen teaches him Econ p tot р dette [ost sight of, "Tho Depr gives a «4 falfa күп es 
phosphates, and Peruvian guano, are sufficient to main- I agr quarters Lowe TES 
tain their fields in a stato of fertility. This may bo true rm reckou that daily L va 0 + rses pass the 
elds "a certain number of years ; but we | Streets, I да that 15.000 cows 4e tin the metropolis, and 
Peruvian guano must soon h we Eee Mio wine r4 oniy. 54 000 hore aud 11,000 cows, 
end, and a glance at the following analysis of bones and guano eir solid vcidings, reach the pl gie wem Аў 
i ; mate that in these М s of animals 8 tons of potash аг 
ashes shows that in one d no potash, that in the other Бае ОНУ end 4j iona o 1 phosphorie acd 
i 
Чч vi 
koe had done. The very expression, ‘Clover sic 
s oneg that the cause was not supposed to lie in exhaustion | 
MILLS soil, as in the p^ of cornfields, but was thought to 
ailing. 
Atthel Huh School of poet 7 at Hohenheim it had beco 
of it are to be fo edient which forms an 
бнр 9% Үр е ats cd of a farm could be айий ААА most efficient quiin of ye dung, ® and This gives for the voidin, 
of manur b tation of crops without is also indispensable for the maintenance of the corn and todde - 
е Desa Еа ai= E [Сюек 
uni ot showin; ла. 
let of ad the opportunity of ue. xen dna 100 lb. Aa ashes of bones | 200 lb. s. Peruvian guano ї - d 
(580) tons more, and the quantity of corn and Rapeseed. juu рр "d Tons. Tons. 
э оци to one-third less than in 1882-40, Practico itself | Ры кайа. ARMES ud жайыш REST S n $ $t 
the compelied ton hat its system had no Íoundation ; m or I EX deg as LE 5016, Of animals Ө IM i 8 
main" ТАН did de Er wih i "- more | Lime, magnesi. “ Ча Beer Aet pipe t à 
uch were le nal results о! ig ing 7 —| ——- 
апі stable dung aloi - ста trict th 1000 d ji Tot: a 15 1 17 
fodder, in others tho co "ind isbed. I shall show that the sewage is especially à 
owards the end of тафо century practico found in gypsum, | ammonia and potash, which latter fails in those dires н eod According to the analysis of sewer d€— it 
by the trade ; and that ace «i PN ed, then only is the spes one bod Yes o tons ИРАН. FOX D IS, parta A 
T 
and er in bone-dust, a mean: which the decrease in 
e 
the yield of the fodder and the p fields might be arrested, tem of culturé a rational on оша; this 
е former produgbivity of the soil be 8 . Then - hoi ric acid. I hav Tonaon (o believe that (xe fas of 
superphosphate of lime and Peruvian nto-use, | We will no attentively the different matters Jg acid ӯ vep in M Тело s analysis is E too P 
many fi rS were conyin: that it would be difücult | which sew: эсенг "P by асана their trade value that later eu show the quantity to 
bu wie produce of flesh and corn at its present | we shall be Au. "able. s judge ne» y bethe worth ol 
а; Eht without the application of guano. What а стор ыы sewage for the purpose agricultu vr solid and fluid voidings of men and animals s ga 
Mé ла. from when à supply of guano had ceased ne The matters contain b. sewage of most value for hus- he proportion of phosphoric acid to ammonia 1t 
pied their thoughts, for farmers are pete [p inclined are ammonia, potash, ac ae viam acid. But besides den nn the entire PS of ammonia 75 tons d. iiy: 
bandrg tash 
these there is à amount of sulphuricacid, lime, magnesia, дола, we may assume that 75 tons of ammonia, 15 tous 
iron, and common salt ; all which are also aliments of plants, of phospho ric acid, and 17 tons of di daily flow into tho 
but which I will not further allude to here because, for | воме! | S8 я + 
man urposes, the; : Ў It may be said tha gall f beer are not 
mmonia. — This is present in large quan 
iier of men and animals. When esce P * See Dr. Letheby's very able and excellent “ Report on 
gas water а „> ed refuse (horns, hoofs |Sewaze and Sewage Gases, and! on the Ventilàtion of 
of ammonia and sab | Sewers.” 
the day 
Now, owever, Habes ы е e efficacy of phosphate 
to think e enn z then Ө отто; with them *' Sufficient for 
» 
and Peruvian guano. We know md be 
inty that the cause 
s lies in certain constituents of the soil, which serye 
rmation of the body of the plants, of t the roots, of 
Y ез and fruit ; that the eee of these in d e ground 
гу limited; and that man, with all his art aud skill, is 
