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1092 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 
in Essex. Almost simultaneously with its appearance in | have not bad it will be liable to infection,"—(Layard, ** The | usefully explored. To observo у е X 
London a violent distemper broke out among the horned cattle | Distemper among Horned Cattle," р. 20.) ogressivo symptoms of the disoase uni ^ нооту and 
of Argyllehire, sweeping off 6000 beasts, but there is no exact For some time after the revocation of the Order of 1749, each | —to determine precisely the period of į Birra. tiong 
at as to the nature of the Scoteh murrain. The | county proscribed neighbouring isfected counties, and refused | remedial and of proventive agencies (includi tion, the eff, 
rece be roads from tan berapeutical ing und 
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[Nov zxugg 18, 1895 
information 
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i re 1arded, and cattle, h һа! nder wha; 
outbreaks, and it was nearly a year after its frst appearance | from any infected counties were — excluded. These | the poison may be communicated from а оц modificati, 
that the e»untry became sufficiently aroused to use national | measures, however, had buta very partial effeet. Cheshire | animals of the aame or different species eth Cow {о other 
eas r the repression of it. But by this time it bad | lost in the first half of 1757 and three months of the preceding | investigation practically important, but "a branches of 
taken too deep root for these to be effective. A commission | year about 30,000 head of eattle, and many other counties in | With a view to in tu 
for Middlesex was appointed on the 25th of November, 1745. | proportion, For the next two or three years this local war | obtained the assistance of men eminent in "ub ош, We harg 
The Commission, with the short experience of 1715 to guide nst the disease was allowed to be w the Goverument | of solenca, and wo hope to be able to report on б» department, 
them, appointed various cowkeepers and butehers as inspectors | occasionally interfering when the magistrates itted fairs | But we have now to deal with more 
of cattle, and instructed them :— in places ik j Artn: =й, to neighbouring co p 
1. To inspect cowhousea and to separate sick from sound cows. | continued 
see that all cowhouses and yards were keptthoroughiy | being 
tos " th 9 
ok up to 1758 with considerable variations, the plague | stop its entrance from abroad effactual e 
intense in some counties, milder in others, and absent | not, what other measures aro likely to etf. 
clean. from ‚юу, until it wore itself out. There is no aecurate| questions, having early satisfied ourselves of the 
3. To kill all sick cows and calves, to slash their bides so as | record within our knowledge of the mortality produced by it. | charactar of the disease, we at once direeted our euer] 
to render them useless, with several cuts from head to tait and | In the third year of the attack, 80,000 head were alaughtered | and. the evidence which we have received has boru ci 
round the body, and then to bury them in graves 10 feet deep, | under the Orders in Couneil, and a far larger number perished | taken with a view to them. Ыы 
with two bushels of unslacked lime to each cow, by the disease. During its course it must have destroyed 
4. To certify to the destruction of cows, for each of which | several hundred thousand cattle. IV. PnzveNTIYE Measures ALREADY TAKEN, 
the Treasury gave 40s. ere was some dispute aa to the means by which Eogland e eventive measures hit 
5. To see that proper returns were made by соткеерета as | received ita infection Їп 1715 and 1745, bat it is certain that the р" ^ erto Adopted dy 
to their 1 as orent parta of * Go 
plague was raging in difi 
The disease having spread beyond Middlesex, an Act was|time. Where 
al Assent on the 13th of February, | cattle followed the movements 
ver during war ian and Austrian parks of y an Act of Parliament passed in 1 Í 
and received the Roy of armies, several subsequent. A t emn і 
Crown to issue, through the Privy | appeared, spread gradually to the a^jacent countries. | others of your Majesty a Privy Council, or any two or 
Council, rules and directions in order to prevent the distemper | France in this way received it at least half a dozen times in the | them, are authorised make from time to time push eri 
among horned cattle. last century." From 1711 to 1714 foreign authors state that | and regulations as to them may seem n: for the omes — 
On the 12th of March, 1746, an Order in Council was passed | western Europe lost] 500,000 bead of cattle by the plague; | o! probibiting or regulating tbe removal to or from 
- M Such pata — 
in which the incurable nature of the malady is set forth, and | while from 1745 to 1718 (a period which Includes three years of | or placos as they may designate in such orders 
tbe following regulations appear : — к the p" English attach) 3,000,000 are believed to Бате | horses, swine, or other animals, or of m skins, Мр el 
‚ Ow boot infeeted beasts, and bury them | perished in western and central Europe. These figures are hoofs, or other part of any animals, or of ђ ‚ Straw, 
4 feet deep, covered with lime. (The | probably not exaggerated, considering the great kases sus- | other articles likely to propagate in $ and also forty 
use of lime was subsequently rëvoked) tained by particular States. Thus th» Danish monarchy, in the | purpose of purifying auy yard, stable, ou or other ў 
diseased animals must be burnt. r years from 1745 to 1749, lost 230,000 head, and Holland, | or any waggona, carriages, vehicles : md e | 
t go near | in the tbree beginning with 1769, lost 395,000 head. | for t of directing how any animals dying ing — 
These disasters attracted the attention of Governmenta | базой or ani parts of animals, ог other 
hly washed all over, then | and scientific and the long peace which began ia 1516 | 1 seized uoder visions of the Act аге to be dis. 
with burning sulphur, ёс, again repeatedly washed | permitted the adoption of those careful and тле теч of; and also for purpose of causing notices toby f 
and water, not used for two months, measures of precaution which, in the countries ng | given of the appearance оГ any disorder among sheep, cattle, і 
t animals are not to be mixed with sound | оп Russia, have been maintained ever since with various or other animals, and to make апу other orders or { 
month, and not then till they have been well | modifications, on the whole, with consijerable succes, | for tbe purpose of gi t to tbe provisions of the mil f 
It was that Europe usually received tbe infec- | Act, and again to е, alter, or vary any such orderso _ 
Rnssian cate sent into Poland and |regulstions; and it is eoacted that all foranyot — 
Hungary. These cattle in vast numbers on the luxuriant the parposes aforesaid in any such orders contained shall ham 
to be to drive | herbage of tho steppes in the Russian provinces watered the force and effoct as if the same had been inserted in the 
tbe lower part of the Dnieper and its tributaries. Large Act; and that all persons offending against the Act shall for 
; aud, even when disease is herd Aon em qo DEM parts of Russis, to | each and every not exceeding 
d infected for а шош. Poland, Galicia, and Hungary, and often carry with them the | t, any case by 
Loca authorities, such as churchwardens, overseers, con- | seeds of disease in their train. In 1862 the number attscked | such 
1 may be appointed, aro charged | by the pleque in tbe Austrian dominions was 296 000, of which | U Orders in 
They are to report to each | 152,000 died. In invaded and overran not only | Uth of July 
тюз, н was given һу 
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others where tbe local authorities had been lax їп looking аара. 
after the execution of the order, Hence, ia December, 17 able, spreads 
ам соода Ба fikura ia panting dowi the and from 
now again prohibits all movement of exoept for ter, | ipereasing most 
and the place of slaughter must be within two miles of the | and a know 
spot where the eattie are on the 14th of December, 1750. 
The requirement tbat cattle should be siaughtered only may 
hin two miles of thoir stalle waa found very grievous by the infected 
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“Unfortunately,” says Mr. Youatt, in his well-known work, brought 
restrictions with regard to the sale or removal of cattle without 
between different diatriets were so it must 
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