462 



Jackson^s Anatomical Description 



the odontoid process is a distinct piece. The muscles 

 are numerous, but very distinct, as, indeed, they were in 

 every part of the body; some arising from the upper shell 

 and some from one or more vertebrae to be inserted into 

 those above ; one pair arises from the dorsal vertebrae, 

 nearly or quite as far back as the sacrum, is inserted into 

 three of the cervical vertebrae and at last reaches the base 

 of the skull. The muscles of deglutition or of respiration, 

 on the front of the neck, which raise and depress the large 

 hyoid bone, are also very interesting, and especially a pair 

 which passes transversely nearly around th« upper half of 

 the neck, arising from the articulating processes and reach- 

 ing as high as the temporal bone. That peculiar bone, 

 which has received so many names and none more appro- 

 priate than that of lunula, which it owes to its form, was 

 about fourteen inches long, formed of one continuous piece 

 and united at eac'h extremity to the upper and the under 

 shells by a short and very strong ligament. The scapula 

 is firmly attached to it, five inches from the lower extrem- 

 ity, and is somewhat triangular, extendii 

 and a half inches. The humerus is nine and a half inches 

 long and four and a half inches in circumference midway ; 

 head of the bone round and near it are two tuberosities,' 

 one of which is of immense size ; lower articulating sur- 

 face has a convex, oblong form. Radius and ulna from 

 five and a half to six inches long ; no olecranon ; lower 

 end of ulna larger than that of radius. There are eight 

 carpal bones, one of which seems formed by the union of 

 two ; besides these, there are three bones to each toe, all 

 of which may be considered as phalangeal or one of them 

 may be regarded as a metacarpal bone ; besides a row of 

 five metacarpal bones, Cams gives three phalangeal to 

 the three middle toes and two to each of the two others 



