454 Lichenes of New England. 
of other groups, afterwards considered to be genera, 
are united with Parmelia. 
The * Methodus ? was followed, in 1810, by the 
“ Lichenographia Universalis," which was published | 
at Gottingen, in 696 pages, 4to. This great work is 
remarkable for its minuteness of division. In the 
introductory dissertation, on the parts and the propa- 
gation of lichens, some very important views are 
proposed, with respect to their fructification, and 
their carpomorphous organs. The number of species 
and varieties is greatly augmented in the “ Licheno- 
graphia,” and some new genera constituted, as Le- 
canora, Ramalina, Borrera, and others. For some. 
further remarks on this work, I would refer to the 
excellent article ^ Licuen,” in the “Edinburgh En- 
cyclopedia.” The last separate work of Acharius is 
the “Synopsis,” which appeared in 1914, 8vo. I 
have not seen this, but from the citations of other 
authors, it would seem that several new genera are 
published in it, and many new species. After the 
publication of the “ Synopsis," our author contrib- 
uted several Memoirs to the “Transactions of the 
Royal Society of Stockholm,” and: particularly one 
on the genus Calicium, which he distributes in sev- 
eral genera ; but these papers are unfortunately writ- 
ten in Swedish. 
I have attempted the foregoing view of the writ- 
ings of Acharius, because they have been so long 
the manuals of British and American botanists in the 
study of the Lichenes. This, however, has not been 
the case generally, on the continent, where many 
other arrangements have been proposed. — 
