Lichenes of New England. 455 
berg's arrangement of the lichens of his Lapland 
Flora may be regarded as a sketch of a new method. 
He retains the Linnean genus Lichen, as one of. the 
genera of the Order. Fries, Eschweiler, Meyer, 
Agardh, and Chevalier, are mentioned by Hooker, as 
having proposed new methods. Sprengel has given 
an admirable arrangement in his “ Systema.” And 
Wallroth, a German botanist, is the author of the 
Cryptogamic part of the German Flora of Bluff and 
Fingerhuth, in which he has made a new arrange- 
ment of the lichens of that Flora. This is appar- 
ently a work of great labor, but it is written in a 
dialect that it requires some study to master, and the 
terms now and then remind us of the humorous com- 
plaint of Professor Schultes, in Sir James Smith's 
“Correspondence.” The class is arranged in three 
Orders, under which the species are distributed in 
thirteen genera. In some respects the arrangement 
resembles that of Sprengel. I will quote this author’s 
curious view of an important part of the Economy 
of Lichenes : — “ Propagatio primaria eaque rarior 
speirematica veluti pseudo-cotyledonaris ex speirema- 
tibus sive primitus in cymatiorum rudimenta eblaste- 
matica deliquescentibus sive producendo in fila bys- 
soidea nigrescentia radiantia (hypothema) excurrenti- 
bus periblastesin raro primitus cymatia informantibus 
secundaria eaque adsueta veluti gemmacea ex holo- 
gonidiis emersis fætis iisque a periblastesi l. sæpius 
loci injuria deliquescentibus monstraque asyntheta 
hologonimica et mesogonimica ex globulis microsco- 
picis viviparis erustam pulverulentam effusam nunc 
viridem nunc flavam versicolorem composita menti- 
