178 LETTER XLIII, 



This is, in reality, the difference between the Tribe of 

 Composite Flowers, and the Scabious Tribe. 



The most remarkable plant of this natural Order is 

 the Teasel (Dipsacus Fullonum), the bracts of which 

 are hard and sharp, and project beyond the flowerets, 

 rendering the flower-head a cone of formidable spines. 

 These heads are used in vast numbers in the carding of 

 woollen cloths, and are found superior for that pur- 

 pose to any artificial substitute yet invented. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIV. 



I. The Madder Tribe. — Cleavers, Goose-grass, or Wldptongue 

 (Galium Aparine). — 1. A magnified flower. — '2. A section of the 

 same; a the green epigynous disk. — 3. A stamen. — 4. The ripe fruit. — 

 .5. A section of one half of a ripe fruit, shewing the embryo lying in 

 the hard horny albumen. — 6. An embryo separated, and inverted. 



II. The Scabious Tribe. — 1. The DeviVs-hit Scabious (Scablosa 

 succisa). — 2. A floweret with the bract a, and the small involucre or 

 involucel b, beyond which the calyx c is seen projecting. — 3. A corolla 

 cut open. — 4. A pistil with the superior calyx; a the stigma. — 5. A 

 vertical section of the calyx, shewing that the ovary b does not adhere 

 to its sides, except at the point ; a the ovule. — 6. The anther and upper 

 part of a fibiment. — 7. A section of a ripe fruit, surmounted by the 

 calyx, and shewing the pendulous embryo lying in the midst of 

 albumen. 



