BULLETIN 39, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [6] 



II. Directions for Collecting — ContinuecT. 



(2) Cryptogamous plants. [Cellular.] 



(a) Mosses and Liverworts (Bryophyta). 

 (&) Lichens. 



(c) Algte. 



Fresh water. 

 Marine. 



(d) Fungi. 



Fleshy fungi, Agarics, etc. 

 Parasitic fungi. 



(3) Preservation of plants in alcohol, 



III. Preparing Plants for the Herbarium : 



(1) Care of the dried plants, poisoning, etc. 



(2) Making a herbarium. 



(3) Care of duplicates. 



I. — Implements and Appliances for Collecting. 



PORTFOLIO. 



The first thing to be decided upou is the receptacle which is to hold 

 the plants while actually in the field, and before they have been pre- 

 pared for the drying process. Long experience has shown that a port- 

 folio of some form is the. most serviceable, and admits of being used 

 under a greater variety of conditions and for a greater diversity of ob- 

 iects than any other form of receptacle. A great many modifications 

 of the portfolio have been used and recommended by various botanists, 

 but the simpler it is the more satisfactory it will usually prove to be. 

 A very serviceable and convenient portfolio may be made by taking two 

 I)ieces of thick pasteboard or strawboard 12 inches wide and 18 inches 

 long, and fastening them together by running two strings or straps 

 through the bottom and top. These strings or straps should be long 

 enough to tie or buckle at the top so as to apply a slight pressure to 

 the containe I plants and also to prevent the plants from falling out. 

 By this process the thickness of the portfolio may be varied at any 

 time. Another very good method is by lacing the pieces of strawboard 

 together at the back only by means of strong cord, and using a strap 

 about the middle to supply the pressure and keep the plants in place. 

 This strap will also serve as a handle, or, when long enough, to pass over 

 the shoulder. 



Strong rubber bands may also be used in place of the leather straps. 

 The covers of an old book, when of suitable size, may be made into a 

 portfolio that will do good service. 



A still more perfect portfolio may be made " of binders' boards, either 

 united at the back by leather, as in a book, or left so far separate as to 

 allow pressure to be applied by means of the two straps which pass 

 around it near the ends, free or attached to one side only. It should 

 be covered or bound with strong cotton cloth, well glued in every part, 



