BULLETIN 39, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [38] 



the alcohol iuto the visceral region of the largest specimens an incision 

 should be made in the ventral part of the body. 



The transparent pelagic forms {Loligopsis, Yerania) are put iirstjnto 

 Kleinen berg's solution and after an hour are transferred to weak alco- 

 hol, from which they are gradually changed to that of 70 per cent. 

 The forms which are contained in a common gelatinous substance are 

 fixed with chromic acid of one-half of 1 per cent and then transferred to 

 50 per cent alcohol, where they remain permanently. 



Bryozoa are best preserved when they are treated on board ship 

 immediately after they have been caught. 



PedicelUna and Loxosoma are left for an hour in chloral hydrate of 

 0.1 of 1 per cent and then killed with saturated sublimate, cold or hot. 

 Wash immediately afterwards and place in alcohol. Certain species of 

 Bugula {purjijurotincta., turhinaM), after the animals have become well 

 distended in a little sea water, are killed quickly with hot sublimate. 

 By pouring some 70 per cent alcohol slowly over the surface of the 

 water in which they are, Flustra, Gellepora, Grisia, Bugula, and Zoobot- 

 rium have been prepared in a state of complete distention. The other 

 species can be killed with the animals more or less out of their cells by 

 using a weak solution of chloral hydrate or alcoholized sea water, but 

 generally good results depend upon the skill of the preparator. 



BRACHIOPODA. 



Bracbiopods are narcotized by letting them lie in alcoholized sea water 

 for some hours before they are put into alcohol. Put a bit of cork 

 between the valves to keep them open. Small forms may be put at 

 once into 70 per cent alcohol. 



TUNIC AT A. 



The Appendicularire are killed by letting them rest for five minutes 

 in the chrom-osmic mixture. 



AsG'idicB simpUces. — To treat Clavellina and Ferophora so that the 

 orifices shall remain open, first allow them to expand in running sea 

 water and then immerse them in chloral hydrate of 0.1 of 1 per cent, let- 

 ting them remain from six to twelve hours; then kill them with chrom- 

 acetic ISo. 2 and immediately afterwards transfer to chromic acid of 

 1 jDer cent, some of which should be injected iuto the interior of each 

 individual. After a half hour transfer the animals to 35 per cent alco- 

 hol, repeating the injection with that fluid, and finally to alcohol of 70 

 per cent. Clavellina rissoajia is usually killed in acetic acid; it is not 

 necessary to inject each individual. 



Ascidia {Phallusia), after from three to six hours in chloral hydrate 

 of 0.] of 1 per cent, is hardened for half an hour in chromic acid of 

 1 per cent, washed, and transferred to alcohol. 



