COLLECTORS OF SPECIMENS HOLMES AND MASON. [8] 



8. Mechanics' Tools. — Already the finished tools of American and 

 European manufacture have obtruded themselves into the Philippines; 

 but the native hammers, saws, perforators, rasps, axes, knives, adzes, 

 clamps, pincers, and binders are most interesting as representing a 

 stage of invention between the stone age and our own. To add to 

 their ethnological value, descriptions of the peculiar ways in which 

 tools are held and used should accompany the specimens and photo- 

 graphs of the mechanics at work. The National Museum has already 

 a rich collection of fire-making devices from the New World. Exam- 

 ples of this class of apparatus from the Orient will be most acceptable. 



9. Primitive Engineering. — No other problem in ethnology has 

 excited more lively interest than that relating to the overcoming of 

 vast weights and difficulties in labor. Eveiy ingenious use of the 

 mechanical powers — the inclined plane, simple or compound levers, 

 rollers, wedges, parbuckles, pullej^s with or without sheaves, shear 

 poles, wheel and axle, rope, and other devices for lifting and moving 

 among the Filipinos should be shown in specimens and pictures, and" 

 accuratel}^ described. 



10. Machinery. — Every tool, however simple, consists of two parts, 

 the working part and the manual part. The former has undergone 

 little change in form and method of working, but in the latter lies the 

 field of invention. All rude devices for taking the place of the human 

 hand in producing or changing motion and subduing the powers of 

 nature— the waters, the air, gravity, elasticit}', etc., should be care- 

 fully noted and secured. 



11. Stone Working. — The very beginnings of artificial industry 

 and the grandest expressions of artistic skill are in stone. Appli- 

 ances for quarrying, chipping, flaking, sawing, grinding, boring, and 

 polishing stone and stone-like substances, together with stone imple- 

 ments for all purposes, to show the manner of their manufacture and 

 use may be gathered exhaustively to illustrate one of the most inter- 

 esting chapters in human progress. 



12. Ceramic Art. — Collect all the implements, processes, and 

 products of quarrying clays, of working them up for the potter, of 

 the potter's art in molding, coiling, hammering, modeling, decorat- 

 ing, and firing, with specimens of potteiy and any other manufacture 

 from soft materials, such as rude glass, enamel, inlajdng, etc. 



13. Metallurgy. — Any addition to the knowledge of those early 

 arts through which the working of metals passed before the later 

 methods of fusing were invented will help to complete a most inter- 

 esting chapter in human history. Collections of implements, proc- 

 esses and products of mining, cold-hammering, forging, casting, 

 soldering, smelting, smithing, and the finer old hand processes, will be 

 most acceptable. Photographs of the artisans at work would give life 



