COLLECTORS OF SPECIMENS HOLMES AND MASON". [12] 



groups, tracing consanguinit}' through the mother or the father; a 

 number of tribes formed a confederac}^, and a roving section of the 

 tribe was a band. A careful study of the black and the brown peoples 

 of the Philippines will reveal also their mode of union. Of each tribe 

 the collector should obtain accounts of organization, tribal marks, tat- 

 tooings, paintings on the bod}^, badges, insignia, costumes of chiefs 

 and other officers, assembly places, either in pictures or in specimens. 

 The whole group is of radical importance. This class of observations 

 is of the utmost consequence in the future government of the islands. 



3. Army and Navy. — This includes the whole art of war, offensive 

 and defensive, on the land and on the water — military education, engi- 

 neering, strategy, tactics, weapons, armor, uniforms, official badges, 

 dags, banners, trophies, artillery, fortifications, and organization both 

 of the army and of society with reference to it. The custom of 

 head-hunting allies itself to American Indian scalping and should be 

 thoroughly investigated. 



Jr. Lawmaking. — No tribe of mankind is without a code of laws, 

 written or unwritten, telling what to do, what to avoid. In any tribe, 

 who make the laws? Where and when do they meet? Is their 

 assembling coupled with ceremonies? Collections should be made of 

 dress, regalia, and emblems, and photographs taken of meetings. 

 Copies of codes would be highly prized. 



5. Courts of Justice. — Criminal codes and the manner of securing 

 justice is a most interesting stud^^ in the history of comparative 

 jurisprudence. It is wrong to suppose that lower races lead a lawless 

 life. Among the peoples of the Philippines, how are courts appointed 

 and constituted? How are they administered? Describe and photo- 

 graph meetings. Collect paraphernalia. Give list of crimes. 



6. Administration. — Under this head collect specimens, photo- 

 graphs, and descriptions relating to the executive government of the 

 tribe — its organization and police; methods of arrest and punishment; 

 of collecting revenues; of treating the dependent, delinquent, and 

 defective; the relation of administration to public works. 



7. Customs and Unions. — This topic opens the whole vast field of 

 society and folklore, of the sayings and customs of the people and 

 their unions for every purpose. Collections under this head embrace 

 all sorts of costumes and things connected with games and gambling, 

 with the seasons, with going and coming, with downsitting and upris- 

 ing. [See J. Lawrence Gonune, Handbook of Folklore.] 



IV.— ESTHETIC CULTURE. 



Under this general head may be gathered all the arts of pleasure, 

 commonly called esthetic arts. In the uncivilized areas art for its own 

 sake has scarcely emancipated itself from other notions; it must be 



