COLLECTORS OF SPECIMENS HOLMES AND MASON. [16] 



fetiches, wayside offerings, attitudes, and all that mass of personal 

 conduct which is ever going- on under the suggestion of the presence 

 of spiritual beings and influences. Collections in this class are not 

 so difficult to obtain, and are secured through charming personal 

 friendships. 



6. Religious Litekature. — The higher Oriental religions have all 

 left in the Philippine Islands books and other writings. Collections 

 of these should be made, together with information concerning the 

 native use of them. 



VII.— ENVIRONMENT. 



The culture of any people is the result of the people and their envi- 

 ronments. It is necessary, therefore, that the Philippine Islands be 

 studied in relation to the inquiries here raised. 



1. Celestial Environment. — Herein must be studied the heavenly 

 bodies not only in their true relations to this area, but as they appear 

 to native eyes in their daily activities. The length of the day is an 

 important factor in culture. 



2. Geologic Environment. — The physiography of the archipelago 

 is largely responsible for the present dispersion of the inhabitants, 

 and it everywhere affects life and activities. Here also may be placed 

 h3^drograph3 , which depends partly on the earth and partly on the 

 atmosphere, and the study of volcanoes. 



3. Meteorologic Environment. — All that is studied in a weather 

 bureau falls into this class, including winds, temperature, pressure, 

 moisture, malaria, storms, trades, c^^clones, tornadoes, and whatever 

 else of aerial phenomena in these islands affects the happiness or wel- 

 fare of the inhabitants. 



■Jr. Mineralogic Environment. — Collections of industrial minerals, 

 with their locations, are essential to an intelligent study of native in- 

 dustries. 



5. Botanic Environment. — The plant world lies very near to 

 human culture everj^where. A collection of Philippine native plants, 

 with the native names, common names, and scientific names, coupled 

 with the uses to which they are applied, would be a museum treasure. 



6. ZooLOGic Environment. — Finally, the culture of a people is 

 conditioned to the animals of the land and the water, friendly and 

 inimical, their migrations and local habits. The food and raiment of 

 the natives, their shelter and emplo3aiients, their family names and 

 worship, all are attached to the animal kingdom. The native and 

 common names and their scientific identification should be carefully 

 secured, together with that of the tribe in each case. 



o 



