[25] COLLECTING AlfTHROPOLOGICAL INFOEMATION HRDLICKA. 



Of measurements, only that of the height is fairly safe to be taken 

 by an untrained observer. This measurement is secured by placing a 

 subject against a vertical plane, without shoes or sandals, with the feet 

 together, standing erect, and looking straight forward. 



Jt is well to have fastened on the plane a graduated board or a tape, 

 but the height can also be obtained by marking a point a meter or 

 yard from the ground and measuring with a tape from this to the 

 mark corresponding to the top of the head of the individual. The 

 height is determined by the aid of a square or a piece of board held at 

 right angles against the vertical plane and lowered until it encounters 

 the resistance of the head when a mark is made. A square corner cut 

 from any box will serve this purpose. 



At least twenty, not deformed, fulh^ adult individuals of each sex 

 should be thus measured; but the larger the number of individuals 

 the more correct will be the mean height, and the more valuable the 

 general result obtained from the measurement. 



Besides the above, it is possible, with appropriate aids or instruments 

 and care, to test the special senses; the pressure or traction force 

 (with djaiamometer, Mathieu or Collin); to make, on healthy individu- 

 als (for this examine the tongue) valuable observations on pulse, respi- 

 ration, and temperature; to test for swiftness or endurance in running; 

 to observe the capacity for carrying burdens, enduring hunger and 

 thirst, and capacity for excess in food. 



Many of these data are purely physiological; the physiology of 

 races, tribes, or other groups of mankind, however, goes hand in 

 hand with ph3^sical anthropology and is equalh^ important. 



BROCA'S COLOR STANDARDS. 



These color standards were originally published in Pierre-Paul 

 Broca's Instructions generales pour les recherches anthropologiqiies 

 a faire sur le vivant; 2 ed., Paris, 1879; and are printed after a copy 

 of the original. They are retained in order that new observations 

 may be compared with those made in the past. To facilitate deter- 

 mination, Broca's arrangement of the colors on the pages has been 

 somewhat changed, but his numbers remain. To use the color scheme, 

 choose a certain ordinarily unexposed part of the skin, as of the arm 

 or the back, and match one color after another of the plates with the 

 skin until the one is found which agrees most closeh", and this you 

 record b^^ its number. 



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