STATE GEOLOGIST. 77 



S. serotina. Ait. (S. gigantea. in ilf«m<a?.) Golden- rod. 



Common, or frequent, throughout the slate, especially north of lake Superior, Rob- 

 erts, and in the Bed river valley, Upham. 



S. lanceolata, L. Golden-rod. 



Common throughout the state ; abundant in the Red river valley. 



S. occidentalis, Nutt.* Golden-rod. 



Sandy soil. Saint Peter, Nicollet county, Leiberg; determined by Watson as "prob- 

 ably" this species. Infrequent. Southwest. 



APLOPAPPUS, Cass. Aplopappus. 



A. spinulosus, DC.f Aplopappus. 



Upper Minnesota river, Geyer; Yellow Medicine county, Upham. Southwest. 



GRINDELIA, Willd. Gkindelia. 



G. squarrosa, Dunal.t Grindelia. 



Common, or frequent, in the west edge of the state, from Eock comity, Leiberg, 

 and Pipestone City to Saint Vincent, Upham; also plentiful on the quartzite ridge in 

 northern Cottonwood county, Upham. West. 



*SoiiiDAGO OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt. Smoeth ; Stems 2 to 3 feet high, paniculately 

 corymbose at the summit, leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, obscurely 3- to 5-nerved, 

 minutely scabrous on the edges, the larger ones 4 inches long, 3 lines broad ; heads 

 rather large, pedicellate in many small coi-jmbs, broadly obconic ; involucral scales 

 loosely imbricated in about 3 series, oblong-linear, the straight tips greenish, ciliolate, 

 rather acute ; rays 15 to 25. verysmall ; disk-flowers lOto 15 ; achenia pubescent. Eaton 

 ia Bot. Rep. of King's Expl. of the Fortieth Parallel. 



tAPLOPAPPUS, Cass. Heads solitary, terminating the branches, or sometimes co- 

 rymbosely or spicately clustered, many-flowered, rarely several-flowered, heteroga.- 

 mous and with fertile rays, or very rarely homogamous, the rays being wanting. 

 Involucre imbricated, the scales with or sometimes without herbaceous or foliaceou s 

 tips. Receptacle flat or flattish, foveolate or alveolate-dentate. Appendages of the 

 style-branches triangular-lanceolate, or in the N. American species more commonly 

 elongated subulate. Akenes varying from turbinate to linear, tei'ete, angled, or more 

 or less compressed. Pappus simple, of copious and unequal rigid capillary (scabrous 

 or almost barbellate) bristles.— Herbs or low under-shrubby plants, of various aspect 

 and foliage ; with yellow flowers, and pappus varying from tawny to reddish, very 

 rarely bright white . Leaves alternate, rigid. Gray in Botany of California, from Proc. 

 Am. Acad., vol viii. 



A. SPINULOSUS, DC. Herbaceous, canescent with a soft, minute, woolly pubescence ; 

 stems many, l to 2 feet high, corymoosely branched above ; leaves small, 9 to 12 lines 

 long, rigid, pinnately or somewhat bi-pinnately parted, segments short, linear-subulate, 

 mucronate with a shoit bristle; heads small, subglobose, terminating the numerous 

 branehlets ; involucre shorter than the disk, scales subulate-lanceolate, mucronulate, 

 imbricated in 3 or 4 series, appressed, canescent ; rays 20 to 30 ; corolla of the disk with 

 very short teeth ; pappus pale or tawny, short, very unequal ; achenia turbinate, vil- 

 lous. Porter and Coulter's Flora of Colorado. 



i: Grindelia, Willd. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers generally present, 

 pistillate, the ligule elongated ; disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, 

 5-toothed. Involucre subglubose or hemispherical, the scales imbricated in many rows, 

 often with squarrose tips. Receptacle naked, flat, foveolate. Style with lanceolate 

 hispid appendages as long as the stigmatic portion. Achenium smooth, oblong or ovate 

 somewhat angled. Pappus of 2 to 8 smooth rigid deciduous awns, shorter than the 

 disk-corollas.— Biennial (?), perennial orsuffruticose, often resiniferous, Mexican and 

 North American plants. Leaves entire or serrate, often punctate, the cauline ones ses- 

 sile. Heads corymbed at the ends of the branches, or solitary, mostly rather large. 



G. SQUARROSA, Dunal. Glabrous and viscidly resinous ; stems herbaceous from a 



