STATE GEOLOGIST. 81 



H. rigidus, Desf. Sunflower. ■ 



Common through the south half of the state and in the Bed river valley ; one to 

 three feet high on the natural prairie ; persisting as a troublesome weed in wheat- 

 fields during the first two or three years of cultivation, there growing from three to five 

 feet in hight. 



H. laetiflorus, Pers. Sunflower. 



Martin county, Oedge; Blue Earth county, Leiberg; Kedwood, Todd (common), 

 Wadena and Polk counties, Upham; Pembina, Havard. South and west. 



H. occidentalis, Riddell. Sunflower. 



St. Croix river. Parry; plentiful near lake Johanna, Kamsey county, Boherts, Her- 

 rick; lake Pepin, Miss Manning. Infrequent. Southeast. 



H. Maximiliani, Schrader.* Sunflower. 



Common in the south half of the state ; reaching eastward at least to Minneapolis , 

 where it is plentiful ; also abundant in the Eed river valley ; extending northwest to 

 the Saskatchewan river (Gray's Synoptical Flora of N. A.). Usually from nine to eigh- 

 teen inches high, or sometimes three to five feet, on the natural prairie ; but continuing 

 as the most troublesome weed in wheat-fields, where it commonly grows four to six feet 

 in hight and sometimes eight feet or more ; foliage dull, grayish green ; flowers showy, 

 occasionally double (with all the corollas ligulate), blooming from July to September. 

 The most noteworthy member of this genus in Minnesota. West and south . 



Determined by Prof. Asa Gray; previously supposed, by the local botanists of the 

 state, to be H. glganteus, L. ; in Dr. Lapham's catalogue, it appears to be called H. to- 

 mentosus, Michx. ; to B. I. Cratty and J. C. Arthur belongs the credit of obtaining its 

 correct identification. (See Arthur's Contributions to the Flora of Iowa, No. V, and his 

 note respecting this species in the Botanical Gazette, viii, p. 339. Dr. George Engelmann 

 wrote me, Dec. 27, 1883 : " The notice in the Botanical Gazette about Helianthus Maxi- 

 miliani, wondering that it was found so far noi-th, in Minnesota, is founded on error. 

 The species comes originally from the upper Missouri, latitude of Minnesota, and has 

 often been collected in Minnesota also by me ; but extends, like many prairie plants, 

 through many degrees of latitude, to Texas.") 



H. giganteus, L. Sunflower. 



St. Croix river, Parry; lake Pepin, Miss Manning; Minneapolis, Twining; north of 

 lake Superior, Roberts,* and northwest to the Saskatchewan river, Gray's Synoptical 

 Flora of N. A. Infrequent. East and north. 



H. grosse-serratus, Martens. Sunflower. > 



Moist prairies, Minnesota river, Geyer; abundant in Martin county and in Emmet 

 county, Iowa, Cratty; lake Pepin, Miss Manning; moist land, Minneapolis, and Ked- 



Helianthus annuus, L. (H. lenticularis, Dougl.) Annual, scabrous and even 

 hispid ; stems purple-spotted, stout, 3 to 8 feet high, branching ; leaves alternate, 

 ovate, acuminate, coarsely serrate, 3 to 6 inches long, 2 to 4 inches broad, 3-nerved at 

 the base and suddenly narrowed into a petiole nearly as long as the leaf ; uppermost 

 leaves more lanceolate ; heads mostly panicled, peduncled, 2^ to 4 inches broad ; invo- 

 lucre spreading ; the numerous ovate ciliate abruptly acuminate scales imbricated in 

 about 3 rows, outer ones shortest ; rays 20 to 24 [to 40], large ; chaff of the flat receptacle 

 nearly as long as the purplish disk -flowers, concave, carinate, tricuspidate, the middle 

 point much the strongest and dark-colored ; achenia finely appressed-pubescent ; pap- 

 pus of two lanceolate chaffy awns. Eaton in Bot. Bep. of King's Expl. of the Fortieth. 

 Parallel. 



*Helianthus MAXIMILIANI, Schrad. Stem strigose-scabrous, branched ; leaves 

 alternate (those of the branches sometimes opposite), lanceolate, entire or nearly so, 

 tapering to each end, acuminate, very scabrous and often canescent-strigose on both 

 sides, the lower petioled ; scales of the involucre lanceolate-subulate, much attenuate, 

 strigose-canescent ; pappus of two lanceolate slightly fringed chaffy scales. Arthur's 

 Contributions to the Flora of Iowa, No. V, from Torrey cmd Gray's Flora of N. A. 



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