124 TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT. 



EMPETRACE^. Ckowberry Family. 



EMPETRUM, Tourn. Crowbebry. 



E. nigrum, L. Black Crowberrj-. 



North shore of lake Superior, Macoun ; doubtless In northern Minnesota. 



URTICACE.E. Nettle Family. 



ULMUS,L. Elm. 



U. fulva, Michx. Slippeiy or Red Elm. 



Frequent, often coramon, throughout the state, excepting far northward. Well 

 known for its mucilaginous, medicinal inner bark; the reddish wood, used for ox-yokes, 

 posts, etc., is strong, light and durable. 



U. Americana, L. White Elm. Amercian Elm. Water Elm. 



Common throughout the state ; but not found close to the shore of lake Superior. 

 Wood tough, often used for axe-helves, whip-stocks, etc.; our most desirable tree for 

 transplanting for ornament and shade. This and basswood are the most abundant trees 

 in the Big Woods. 



U. racemosa, Thomas. Corky White Elm. Rock Elm. 



Frequent, often common, eastward ; extending west to Blue Earth county, Leiberg, 

 Nicollet county, Aiton, New Ulm (common), Juni, and the upper Mississippi river, 

 Oarrison. Wood drier than the last and more valuable ; much used by wheelwrights. 



CELiTIS, Tourn. Nettle-tree. Hackberrt. 



O. occidentalis, L. Sugarberry. Hackberry. 



Frequent through the south half of the state ; rare and local northward, as at the 

 east side of Mille Lacs and at lake Alexander, Upham; near lake Lida, Otter Tail 

 county, Frazee; on the Red river in Clay county ; at Red Lake Falls ; on the upper 

 Mississippi ; and on the Big Fork of Rainy Lake river, in T. 149, R. 26, _ Hinchellwood. 

 [Also at Eagle lake, north of Rainy lake. Bell, Macoun; and in northeastern Dakota, 

 Scott.l 



MOKUS, Tourn. Mdlberry. 



M. rubra, L. Red Mulberry. 



Big Woods, Wincliell; Houston county, J. S. Harris. [West to Dakota, Sarflrent, 

 and eastern Nebraska, Aiujhey.] Infrequent. South. 



URTICA, Tourn. Nettle. 



U. gracilis, Ait. Tall Wild Nettle. 

 Common throughout the state. 



U. dioica, L. Great Stinginrj Nettle. 



Upper Mississippi river. Garrison; lake Pepin, Miss Mannimj. Rare. 



LAPORTEA, Gaud. Wood-Nettle. 



L. Canadensis, Gaud. Wood-Nettle. 



Common through the south half of the state and in the Red river valley ; extending 

 northeast to the upper Mississippi river and Roseau river. "It is of this plant the 

 Indians usually make their fishing lines, the rotted remains of the previous year's 

 growth furnishing an abundant supply." Parry. 



