STATE GEOLOGIST. 183 



Graminese, 17; Cruciferse, 12; Caryophyllacese, 9; Leguminosse, 9; 

 Labiatse, 8; Polygonaceae, 7; Solanacete, 6; Chenopodiacese, 6; Mal- 

 vaceae, 5; Umbelliferse, 5; and Borraginacese, 5. One order and 

 fifty-five genera are represented only by introduced species; leaving 

 117 orders, 602 genera, and 1512 species and varieties, occurring 

 indigenously in this state. 



Counting only indigenous plants, the twelve largest orders are 

 as follows: Compositse, 204; Cyperacese, 129; Graminese, 122; Legu- 

 minosse, 62; Rosaceee, 62; Ranunculaceae, 45; Filices, 43; Orchid- 

 acese, 41; Cruciferae, 39; Liliaceae, 39; Scrophulariaceae, 37; and 

 Ericaceae, 34; making 857, or nine-sixteenths of our native flora. 



Again counting only indigenous species and varieties, the forty 

 largest genera are Carex, 89: Aster, 34; Solidago, 28; Polygonum^ 

 20; Ranunculus, 18; Yiola, 17; Potamogeton, 16; Helianthus, 15; 

 Juncus, 15; Potentilla, 14; Salix, 14; Aspidiura, 13; Asclepias, 

 Habenaria, and Panicum, each 12; Euphorbia, Quercus, and Scir- 

 pus, each 11; Anemone, Rubus, Galium, Artemisia, Gerardia, 

 and Gentiana, each 10; Erigeron, Vaccinium, Pyrola, Eleocha- 

 ris, and Poa, each 9; Arabis, Hypericum, Astragalus, Desmodium,^ 

 Ribes, Cornus, Cnicus, Trillium, Cyperus, Elymus, Equisetum, and 

 Lycopodium, each 8. In thirty-one of these genera, including the 

 first three, no introduced plant is found. 



Of the 412 species in Sargent's Catalogue of the Forest Trees of 

 North America [north of Mexico], 81 occur indigenously in Minne- 

 sota; but eight of these, though becoming trees in some portions of 

 the United States, do not here attain a tree-like size or habit of 

 growth, while forty-eight (mostly noticed on pages 13 to 15) be- 

 come large trees, at least forty or fifty feet high. Besides these, 

 about 125 indigenous shrubs belong to this flora, making its whole 

 number of woody plants about 206. Two species of Smilax are 

 the only endogenous plants in this number. 



In the statements of geographic range northward, very im- 

 portant aid has been derived from lists by Prof. John Macoun, of 

 plants found in British America north of Minnesota, published in 

 Reports of Progress of the Geological and Natural History Survey 

 of Canada for 1875-76, 1878-79, and 1879-80; from his Catalogue 

 of Canadian Plants; Part I. Polypetalce, published as a report of 

 the same survey, in 1883; and from manuscript notes, communi- 

 cated by Professor Macoun, respecting the divisions of the flora 

 after Polypetalae. Toward the east, south and southwest, similar 

 aid was found in Wheeler and Smith's Catalogue of the Phcenoga- 

 mous and Vascular Cryptogamous Plants of Michigan: 1881 (con- 

 taining 1634 species and varieties, of which 1476 are indigenous); 



