1894.] 267 



filaoients of bark, all laid lengthwise but not strictly parallel, as some of the short 

 fragments curl outwards, or are placed a little divergently. Bruand believed that 

 this species was principally attached to oak trees, feeding on the lichens. It, 

 however, is often found on pine and birch trunks, and sometimes on rocks. It is by 

 no means restricted to the fine powdery lichens, bat certainly eats some low plants, 

 and probably a little grass. Mr. A. H. Hamm has a brood at the present time 

 feeding up well upon Polygonum aviculare. It seems to be mainly attached to 

 woods and hills. Mr. Chas. Briggs finds large dark specimens at Leatherhead, 

 Surrey ; others sent by Messrs. Richardson and Bankes from Portland are rather 

 smaller ; I have found it at Haslemere and at Cannock Chase, and Mr. Fletcher has 

 specimens from the South of Ireland. Its range, therefore, is wide, but the records 

 of captures available rarely furnish evidence whether this species or the previous 

 is intended. 



F. BETTJLINA, Zeller. — In this species, which appears undoubtedly to be distinct, 

 the fore-wings of the male are a little longer than in the two preceding, and 

 differently shaped, being slightly narrower and decidedly more pointed. The colour 

 is very dai'k glistening bronzy-brown, smooth, and opaque ; hind-wings dark grey, 

 with a faint purple gloss ; the cilia are extremely glossy. The female is very much 

 like those of the preceding species, but the tuft of the anal segment is said to be 

 snowy-white. In dried specimens it probably becomes more dingy, since the speci- 

 mens before me hardly possess snoioy -white tufts, but their bodies are very brown 

 and shrivelled, and quite unlike the living creature. The curve of the body is as in 

 the other species, and it has strong legs with which to hold to the case. The head 

 is provided with curved, drooping antennse, as part of the brown mask which serves 

 for a face. 



The larva is purplish-brown, with a black head, and a large black plate on the 

 2nd segment, extending downwards on both sides ; and on the 3rd and 4th segments 

 much narrower plates, so slender as almost to be linear ; legs dark grey, with strong 

 black claws. In a rather pointed blackish case, thickest in the middle, and some- 

 what spindle-shaped, formed of silk, and covered with minute morsels of lichen or 

 bark and bits of leaf, which are patched on in an irregular manner, and give the case 

 a deceptive resemblance to a bit of rough dead twig. Apparently no grass in any 

 condition is used by this species. It frequents old bushes of sallow, crab, blackthorn, 

 and buckthorn, usually keeping upon the lichen covered branches. 



First found in Bishop's Wood, Hampstead, by the late Mr. Mitford, who 

 devoted himself with great energy to the working up of this group ; and it has since 

 been found at Box Hill and Epping Forest. Two cases containing the larva were 

 found in the New Forest by Mr. Fletcher, who sacrificed his hope of the imagines 

 to secure the preserved larvae. But for this I should have had no opportunity of 

 obtaining a description. 



Bruand described what appears to be this species under the name of F. ani- 

 canella, but he was, from his own statement, not well acquainted with the species, 

 and rather threw his description into confusion by the expression of a doubt whether 

 F. anicanella was more than a variety of F. roboricolella. Possibly he lost sight of 

 the contrast between the very round wings of the male of the latter, and the longer 



Z -i 



