182 [August, 



Aporia cratcBgi, L. — On arriving at Jerusalem I took a walk to the summit of 

 the Mount of Olives to get a glimpse of the Dead Sea and the trees that indicate 

 the track of the Jordan, and in a barley field I saw some black veined butterflies. 

 Miss Fitzjohn subsequently found me a specimen of the butterfly whose caterpillar 

 I have no doubt feeds on the Cratagus azarolus. 



Belenois Mesentina, Cramer. — Appeared on the caper flowers in company with 

 the Idmais Faust a in August. It oviposited on the caper plant (Capparis spinosaj, 

 and a new generation disclosed in September. The continuation of these butter- 

 flies in the egg during the summer heat is remarkable. 



Pieris brassiccB, L., 19/5. — Miss Fitzjohn leads me to suppose that its 

 caterpillars feed on the caper as well as on the cabbage, which, in the winter, grows 

 very large at Jerusalem. The caterpillars of this butterfly are attacked by an 

 ichneumon that forms a heap of cocoons as in Europe. 



Pieris rapa, L., 23/5, 2/6, 10/8. — Flies among the pot herbs in company with 

 brassiccB. It has been said that the chrysalis of the " Small White " takes the 

 colour of the surface on which it rests. This is unaccountable, but I think that 

 its skin, like that of the chameleon, reflects it, and to prove this it is only 

 necessary to detach it. 



Pieris Daplidice, L., 8 — ^19/5, 14/7 — 15/8. — Plentiful during the summer, and 

 flying about everywhere in the gardens and vineyards ; and according to the Rev. 

 F. A. Walker, over the sand hills down to the banks of the Jordan. 



Anthocharis Oruneri, H.-S., var. armeniaca, Chr. — One female. 



Colias Edusa, F., 9/5— 10/7.— The English " Clouded Yellow " with nothing of 

 the fiery colour of the Indian C. Fieldii. 



Idmais Fausta, Oliv., 13/7 — 25/8. — This charming butterfly appears at the end 

 of July, and during August it flocked to the caper plants, enlivening the ancient 

 Temple area with its melon coloured wings, and flying in droves along the northern 

 wall of Jerusalem. It came in the sirocco weather to the gardens and brought a 

 thrill of joy, when the dogs lay panting at the door, the ravens flew with gaping 

 mouths, and the only green grass on the surface of the cauldron of brazen hills was 

 a tuft of Cynodon dactylon under the shadow of a wall. 



NYMPHALIDiE. 



Melitcea Trivia, Schiff., var. Persea and var. Catapelia, 8/5 — 8/7. — During the 

 month of May this butterfly was fluttering at the historical paved and stony north 

 road ; and in the autumn it was omnipresent on the hills. It is difficult to dis- 

 tinguish it from M. Didyma ; both have the 0-shaped spot on the fore-wing, but 

 when flying it seems smaller. The caterpillar feeds on mullein, but I saw none on 

 the Verbascum sinuatum, which grows over six feet high, and forms a conspicuous 

 object on the waste spots around Jerusalem. 



Grapta Fgea, Cr., 10/5, 19 — 16/6, 15/7, 7/8. — A spring and summer generation 

 or a summer disclosure that hibernates. I saw one of these butterflies on a thistle 

 in May, and another generation emerged at the commencement of June, when 

 numbers were to be seen in the ravine on the south side of the town, where on the 

 ridge over the problematical " Potter's Field " the caper earliest expands its rose-like 

 snow-white blossoms ; and shortly afterwards individuals were to be seen sunning 



