408 ScJcelVs Landscajie-Gardening. 



with shade, retreat into solemn obscurity, producing those agree- 

 able effects of form and appearance by chiaroscuro, which are 

 as instructive to imitative art, as they are worthy of its imitation. 



7. These trees are, therefore, much preferable in form to the 

 trembling poplar, the birch, the Italian poplar, the acacia, the 

 neo-undo, the gleditschia, the celtis, the service tree, and the 

 different sorts of pines and firs, when large groups or woods are 

 to be formed with bold outlines, because these last-named trees 

 are only capable of producing them in a much less degree. 



8. For this reason, preference is to be given to trees with 

 heavy foliage rather than to the fir tribe; and therefore more 

 attention should be paid in grounds to the former than to the 

 latter, for the following reasons. 



(1.) The landscape-painter, when it is left to him, chooses the 

 leafy foliage, rather than the needle-leaved, for his picture, as 

 this has not so picturesque an effect as the former. The Pinus 

 ^4 x bies L., in particular, forms a perfectly upright stem, with a 

 pointed head, and almost horizontal side branches, which only 

 assume a picturesque character when they have attained a great 

 age, by the branches depending. The common fir (Pinus syl- 

 vestris L.) has the best effect for a picture of all the firs, because 

 it is divided into masses, and forms an obtuse crown ; it is only 

 to be regretted that it is of a dirty grey colour ; we, therefore, 

 see many more landscapes painted with leafy foliage than with 

 needle-leaved foliage, because the former expresses more draw- 

 ing and roundness, more body and variety in form and colour, 

 than the latter. 



(2.) The fir tribe have, besides their uniform shape, a melan- 

 choly appearance, and should, therefore, not be too frequently 

 seen in grounds, and then chiefly where cheerful scenes alter- 

 nate with melancholy and solemn ones. The pine tribe, 

 among which the Pinus Strobus is distinguished for its beauty 

 and slender form, its light and airy branches, and its tender light 

 green foliage, must therefore 



(3.) Find a place in grounds, because they are evergreen ; and 

 in winter, when deciduous trees have laid aside their green cos- 

 tume, they supply their place, and prolong for our enjoyment the 

 most beautiful colour in nature."* 



* Besides these evergreens of the fir tribe, to which Paxus baccata, and the 

 different sorts of juniper maybe added, there are also a great number of ever- 

 green trees with leaf}' foliage, among which are particularly distinguished the 

 Andromedrc, -4'rbutus ETnedo and A. vlndrachne, Paccharis /zalimifolia, the 

 .Daphne, JSuonymus americanus, the different species of /'lex, the Kklmia, 

 Magnolia grandiflora, ikfyrica cerifera, Primus Laurocerasus, P. lusitanica, and 

 P. sempervirens, Pyrus sempervirens, Quercus Ilex, Q. Suber, and Q. gra- 

 in untia, Phamnus Jlaternus, P. sempervirens, P. /ycioides, and P. &uxi(61ia, 

 Phododendron maximum and P. ponticum, 7'huja occidentalis and T. orien- 

 talis, Fiburnum cassinoides, and V. Pinus. The rest will be found in the lists 

 of trees and shrubs [at the end of the work], marked with a star. 



