OUR DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 25 



the falsely so-called common tapeworm (Tcenia solium) 

 derived from eating pork. 



In the " Proceedings ,} of the Koyal and Linnean 

 Societies I have given full details of certain experiments 

 by means of which Professor Simonds and myself were 

 enabled to demonstrate, beyond the possibility of a doubt, 

 that the ox was just as liable as the pig to entertain 

 tapeworm larvas within the substance of its flesh. It is 

 true that in this particular relation our experimental 

 success had been anticipated by the results obtained from 

 one or more experiments instituted by the eminent German 

 helruinthologist, Kudolf Leuckart ; yet verifications were 

 necessary, in order to insure for these results their 

 definitive acceptance both at home and abroad. To speak 

 of measly pork is one thing, but to suggest that the beef 

 of old England could ever be similarly corrupted must 

 require strong proof before such an insinuation could 

 be complacently listened to. I have been amused alike at 

 the scepticism and deplorable ignorance of the butchers 

 whom I have asked if they had ever encountered 

 such parasites. 



If a calf, heifer, or full-grown ox be induced to swallow 

 the ripe and living eggs of the human tapeworm in 

 question, the contents of the ova thus ingested will 

 in course of time become transformed into measles. 

 Here, for example, is a representation of the hind quarters 

 of a calf which was one of our experimental animals (Fig. 

 7) . The skin has been removed, in order to expose the 

 muscles of the haunch ; these, with one exception, being 

 shown in outline only, as at a, I), c, cl, e. The large 

 central muscle, known as the vastus externus, gives a 

 good general view of the arrangement of the measles at 

 the surface. Of course, in nature, few cattle would be liable 



