- OUE DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 43 



sanitary authorities is at once both intelligent and 

 energetic. To Dr. James Cunningham, the Sanitary 

 Commissioner with the Government of India, I am 

 indebted for the eighth annual report recently issued 

 at Calcutta. The facts therein set forth confirm my 

 previous statements elsewhere made as to the pre- 

 valence of measles in the north-west provinces of Hin- 

 doostan. The abundance of bladder • worms in ration 

 beef has been demonstrated by the fact that " during 

 1869, out of 13,818 head of cattle slaughtered in the 

 stations of the Upper Punjaub, 768 beasts were found to 

 be infected with cysts." This affords a ratio of 5'55 per 

 cent., being a considerable diminution of the proportion 

 observed in 1868, when the per-centage gave a total of 

 6'12. Doubtless the proportion suffered a still further 

 diminution in 1870, owing to the vigilance and enlighten- 

 ment of the Army meat inspectors. 



If the entire facts of the case are duly weighed, it is 

 not easy to account for so large an amount of "nieas- 

 ling" on the ground of mere egg dispersion as such ; 

 but the difficulty vanishes when we consider that the 

 habits of the natives and others render it possible for 

 an ox or calf at any given time, when grazing, to ingest 

 one or more perfect segments, or tapeworm proglottides, 

 along with their fodder. Only by such wholesale modes 

 of conveyance of the ova can we account for the abun- 

 dance of measles detected in certain slices of meat. 



One might be disposed to think that the amount of 

 measling which Professor Simonds and myself induced 

 in two animals by artificial means must necessarily be 

 far in excess of anything which has been seen in the 

 Punjab -, nevertheless, such is far from being the case. 

 It should be borne in mind that the presence of a score 



