OUR DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 21 



end of an immature specimen, Having two conspicuous 

 water vessels, which terminate together at the central 

 point of the caudal segment ; whilst the fragment D, 

 which in this drawing is less then one-half of the actual 

 breadth of the body of the worm, shows the narrow 

 character of four of the mature segments, and more 

 particularly, also, the situation of the bi-serially-arranged 

 reproductive papillse, one on either side of each joint or 

 division. 



That a worm upwards of twenty, or it might be thirty 

 yards in length, should dwell inside any quadruped 

 without creating inconvenience to the bearer is scarcely 

 credible ; nevertheless I am unacquainted with any 

 records of symptoms clearly referable to this source in the 

 ox. Probably the comparative rarity of the long tape- 

 worm in cattle may partly account for this absence of 

 evidence ; but I rather suspect that the occurrence of 

 the entozoon, and the symptoms occasioned by its 

 presence have been frequently overlooked. At all events, 

 the same parasite gives rise to disagreeable phenomena in 

 the sheep, sometimes proving endemically fatal to young 

 lambs. In 1855 hundreds of these animals perished from 

 the ravages of this tapeworm, as proved by Mr. W. Cox, 

 V.S., who described the symptoms as those of" loss of con- 

 dition, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, or rather dysentery." 

 No doubt cattle can resist the irritation thus set up 

 better than such comparatively small and feeble rumi- 

 nants as lambs ; so that a genuine and fatal epidemic 

 from this source is hardly likely to occur in oxen. 

 However, if these tapeworms be observed in herds, even 

 should there be at the same time no very marked 

 symptoms, I would advise the administration of tosniafuges. 

 In the case of full-grown cattle I would recommend the 



