120 APPENDIX. 



a little broader than the other, generally ditched around the base, sometimes 

 enclosed in a circle, and occasionally set round with upright stones. Supposed to 

 be the oldest form of the Celtic barrows. Conteiits : usually a number of skeletons 

 at the broad end, lying in a confused manner, and generally covered with a pile 

 of stones or flints. In other parts, stags' horns, fragments of rude pottery, and 

 burnt bones. 



2d. The Boivl Barrow, the form of which is indicated by the name, with or 

 without a ditch, and having a slight depression in the top. Supposed to be a 

 family mausoleum. 



3d. The Bell Barrow, a modification of the Bowl Barrow, supposed to have been 

 formed by placing a new top thereon, for additional interment. 



4th. The Druid Barrows, enclosed by a vallum and ditch, the latter always 

 interior to the former ; the number of mounds within the enclosure varying from 

 one to fifteen or twenty. Contents : skeletons, small cups, beads of amber, glass, 

 and jet, small lance-heads, and, very rarely, sepulchral urns, all of elegant work- 

 manship. Sir Richard supposes, from the predominance of ornaments, that they 

 were devoted to females. Supposed to be family cemeteries. 



5th. The Pond Barrow, consisting of a simple circular vallum or ditch. Fosbroke 

 doubts whether these should be denominated barrows, and suggests that they 

 may have been Druidical tribunals. They are identical in form with many of the 

 small circles of the West. No remains found in them. 



6th. The Twin Barrow, comprised of two barrows joining each other, and en- 

 closed in a circle. Supposed by Sir Richard to be the monuments of individuals 

 closely alhed to each other by blood or friendship. 



The remaining classes are but shght and hardly appreciable modifications of 

 those already described. 



The rude natives of New Zealand erect tumuli over their dead, who are some- 

 times burned previous to interment. Their arms and ornaments are deposited 

 with them. Custom rigorously enjoins that these monuments to the departed 

 shall be carefully watched over. A woman at Clarence River, who neglected to 

 weed and trim her husband's tumulus, was put to death in consequence of her 

 neglect. — (^Angus' Australia and New Zealand, Vol. II., p. 280 ; Gray^s Australia, 

 Vol. I., p. 227.) Similar monuments, most usually constructed of stone, and 

 sometimes of great size and regularity, were often erected over the dead, by the 

 natives of the larger Polynesian Islands, where they still remain, enduring records 

 of the primitive customs of the islanders. — {Ellis'' s Polynesian Researches, Vol. III., 

 pp. 242, 325 ; Beechey's Nar., pp. 20, 37 ; La Perouse Voy., Vol. III., p. 194.) 



Without noticing further the burial customs of nations, ancient and modern, in 

 the various quarters of the globe, enough has been presented to show the general 

 prevalence of mound-sepulture, and the nearly uniform practices which attended it. 

 As remarked at the outset, it is the simplest method of perpetuating. the memory 

 of the dead. Its general adoption by different and widely separated people, must 

 not, therefore, be taken to indicate any extraordinary dependence. 



