52 



THE OOLOGIST. 



from either side in which case you 

 must prevent the direct sunlight from 

 striking the lens of the camera. 



It will sometimes be found advanta- 

 geous to use a mirror and by means of 

 it tirow a beam of light on the object 

 while photographing it. However, 

 there is another way of reaching the 

 same end. Make the exposure longer 

 and when developing as soon as appears 

 the part which is lightest in the object 

 photographed will appear first. As 

 soon as it is distinct take the plate out 

 of the developer and wash it off with 

 clear, cold water. Then take a fine, 

 soft camel's hair brush and paint over 

 that part of the surface which appeared 

 first with a ten per cent, solution of 

 Bromide of Potassium. Repeat this 

 several times according to density of 

 the different parts of plate. Replace 

 in developer and develope until fin- 

 ished. The bromide restrains that part 

 of the plate treated and allows the 

 other part of the plate to come up. 



TIME AND INSTANTANEOUS EXPOSURES. 



Nests in the open fields and large 

 nests on isolated trees, nests built on 

 the seashore and on rocks can be pho- 

 tographed instantaneously but nests in 

 the thickets and deep woods must be 

 time exposures. 



The length of time for exposures var- 

 ies according to the brand of plates, 

 amount of light and. size of stop used. 



I advocate a quick plate. The small- 

 er the stop the sharper and better the 

 picture but the exposure must be 

 lengthened accordingly. 



Where there is a fair amount of light 

 four seconds is about the proper time 

 using the largest stop. If using the 

 smallest, ten times as long is required 

 or forty seconds. 



To " ose who may not know what 

 the stop is the following explanation 

 will suffice. 



In the better make of cameras a small 

 circular diaphra,'^m of steel is used. It is 

 placed either in front of, or between 



the lenses and is perforated with circul- 

 ar holes of different sizes and can be 

 moved so that the different holes are 

 brought opposite the lenses 



The largest stop must always be used, 

 for snap shots unless the picture is tak- 

 en over water upon which bright sun- 

 light is falling in which case the next 

 size smaller is used. 



DEVELOPING AND PRINTING. 



Any good developer will do and the 

 plates are developed the same as others. 

 A few drops of a ten per cent, solution 

 of bromide of potassium will be found 

 useful in retarding ovei' exposed nega- 

 tives. 



If you intecd to publish your photo- 

 graphs albumen paper is the best to 

 print on. Print carefully and tone so 

 as to obtain clear whites. The picture 

 should be carefully mounted and highly 

 burnished. 



I trust that the few hints which I have 

 given will be found useful and if this 

 does not reach the editor's scrap-basket 

 I will give a few pointers on enlai'ging 

 and photographing of wild birds in 

 their haunts, in the near future. 



Robert C. Woodhouse, 

 New York City. 



Davie's ''Nests and Eggs of North 

 American Birds,'' is out and ready for 

 delivery — in fact has been for two 

 months, bdt owing to some sort of a 

 complication between printer and pub- 

 lisher the edition is held up pending a 

 settlement. An early untanglement of 

 affairs is most sincerely to be hoped — 

 if possible; urgently demanded. Until 

 then interested parties must wait with 

 best possible grace. 



Ripans Tabules cure dyspepsia. 



