INTRODUCTION 5 



PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS IN 



THE ANTARCTIC 8 



Thermal Structure of the Surface Layers 8 



II m Sea Surface Temperatures 22 



tflDlG 0* COIltGlltS Antarctic Convergence 25 



Depth of the Surface Layer as an Indication 



of Currents 33 



Internal Waves 36 



Temperature and Salinity , . 38 



Sea Water Transparency Measurements 48 



Antarctic "Seeing" 48 



Icebergs and Sea Ice 51 



GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 53 



Antarctic Sea Floor Sediments 53 



Some Pacific and Antarctic Sea Floor Features . 57 



Ice-Free Areas in Antarctica 



BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



Biota 



Marine Plankton Diatoms on Operation 



HIGHJUMP 1 



Natural Slicks in the Pacific and Antarctic Oceans 78 

 Deep Scattering Layer in the Pacific and 



Antarctic Oceans 81 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 92 



