MARINE BIOLOGICAL FOULING IN THE APPROACHES TO 

 CHESAPEAKE BAY 



I. INTRODUCTION 



A study of the biological fouling in the approaches to Chesapeake 

 Bay was conducted from April 1956 through April 1957 and reported 

 in H. O. TR-47 by William E. Maloney. The study was then expanded 

 and continued through November 1959. All data from April 1956 

 through November 1959 are reported herein. This study was directed 

 toward the determination of the biological fouling complex and the 

 seasonal and geographic distribution of organisms. Data analysis was 

 made of the macroscopic sessile organisms of the fouling complex. 



The test sites shown in Figure 1 were selected on the basis of 

 accessibility and variability in environments. The sites are char- 

 acterized as follows: 



Site 1 — Shallow, near the ship channel, somewhat protected, and 

 strongly influenced by the James and York Rivers. 



Site 2 — Relatively deep for the approach area, adjacent to the 

 ship channel, very little protection, and influenced by the 

 estuarine nature of Chesapeake Bay. 



Sites 3 and 4 — Shallow, away from the ship channel, unprotected 

 except from an offshore wind, and greatly influenced by 

 the ocean. 



Andrews (1953) discusses the principal foulers of Chesapeake Bay 

 in relation to various environmental factors and presents a list of 

 fouling organisms from the scanty and rather specialized literature 

 pertaining to Chesapeake Bay and nearby marine environments. Maloney 

 (1958) analyzed the findings of the 1956-57 research, determined the 

 materials to be used, methods and procedures, and foulers to be 

 studied. 



II. METHODS AND MATERIALS 



The methods and materials described by Maloney (1958) were 

 continued in this phase of the problem; consequently, they will receive 

 only cursory treatment in this report except for minor changes or new 

 procedures. New test items were introduced in the form of bottom test 



