been passed through on the northern and southern courses. The northern 

 edge of the pack was reached at 68°00'S, 173°45'E, at 2200 on 19 Janu- 

 ary 1957. 



From this point, after leaving the ice, the ship continued on a 

 course which took her north of the Balleny Islands and to 64°30'S, 

 152°30'E, on 21 January. No ice was seen from the edge of the pack 

 ice to this position, and only a few bergs were sighted between 156° 

 and 158°E, Course was then kept along 64°30'S westward through open 

 water imtil just east of the entrance to Vincennes Bay. No ice was 

 seen, but a few bergs were observed between 137°E and 133°E off the 

 Adelie and Clarie coasts. At 114°E, the ship's course was altered to 

 the southwest to take her to the edge of the pack ice. The edge was 

 encountered at about 64°50' S, 112°00'E (Fig. 26), and was followed 

 westward into a small indentation in the pack. Here, the Danish ship 

 KISTA DAN carrying the Australian expedition was met early on the morn- 

 ing of 25 January 1957. 



Leaving the KISTA DAN a little after 0900 on the morning of 25 Janu- 

 ary, the GLACIER headed south and then southeast at about 109°30'E, 

 heading into the pack ice guarding the entrance to Vincennes Bay, 

 At first the ice consisted of light pack with only one berg in sight. 

 An hour later the ice became much heavier, two to three feet thick 

 and seven-tenths concentration. By afternoon it had reached nine- 

 tenths concentration, was snow covered from one to two feet, and 

 many large blocks of very thick ice rose two to three feet above 

 the vrater. Several convex-topped bergs came into viev/, and at 1900 

 a solid line of bergs stretched across the path ahead of the ship. 

 The ice became increasingly thicker and more concentrated with very 

 little open water. The ice averaged three to four feet in thickness, 

 but in old pressure ridges it was considerably thicker, rising out of 

 water four to six feet of which three feet appeared to be compacted 

 snow. Fortunately, the ice was not completely consolidated or it vjculd 

 have been next to impassible. During the night the ship drove her 

 way southeast, almost reaching the coastal lead which could be seen 

 ahead. 



The next day, 26 January, the ship, after breaking out a path for 

 the ARNEB and GREENVILLE VICTORY, passed through a most amazing con- 

 glomeration of ice. The average thickness appeared to be betvfeen five 

 and ten feet, but some of the ice was not more than two or three feet 

 thick, while small floes up to 100 feet or more in diameter were at 

 least 20 to 25 feet thick. An abundance of block and brash, bergy 

 bits, growlers, convex-topped bergs, castellated bergs, and sharp- 

 peaked-pinnacled bergs were scattered throughout. The ice had been 

 moved together, then evidently refrozen in a strangely hixraraocked and 

 rafted condition. It showed clear evidence of ha,ving been under 



50 



