TiRNTA SOLIUM. 233 



When tlie latter have reached the brain, it is manifest that they are 

 beyond the reach either of the physician or surgeon ; they may, 

 however, be readily removed by the skill of the latter when, as not 

 unfrequently happens, they occur in the subcutaneous cellular 

 tissue, in the muscles, in and beneath the tongue, and in various 

 other comparatively superficial parts of the body. I have, indeed, 

 already dwelt on this subject, and therefore it now only remains for 

 me to indicate the principal medicinal agents, somewhat after the 

 fashion of their generally received order of merit. First of all, then, 

 stands the rhizome or root of the male shield fern {Lastreafilix mas), 

 which may be administered either in the form of decoction or sim- 

 ple powder, or, best of all, in the condition of the etherial ex- 

 tract. In the hands of Christison, Fleming, Jenner, Groodfellow, 

 Greenhow, Yinen, and many other experienced physicians, this 

 remedy has proved unfailing. Secondly, Kousso, or the dried 

 and powdered flowers of Brayera anthelmintica, is an extremely 

 valuable remedy. Drs. Barclay, Weinland, and several others, have 

 given this plant a bad name, but their unsuccessful employment of 

 it does not accord with the experience of Dr. R. Dane and scores 

 of other medical practitioners in this country. Thirdly, there is 

 Panna, or the root of a South Affican fern (Aspidium athamanti- 

 cum)j which has, however, no special advantage over the common 

 European fern. Lastly, in regard to the host of other remedies 

 which have been recommended, I need only mention a few, such as 

 pomegranate-bark (Punica granatum), oil of turpentine (Oleum 

 terebinthince) , tin (Stannum precipitatum) , seeds of Myrzina 

 Africana, seeds of the common pumpkin (Gucurhita pepo), kamala 

 from the fruit of Rotleria tinctoria, santonine {Artemisia santonica), 

 oxide of silver (Argentum oxidum). Each of these drugs have one 

 or more warm supporters. Dr. E. J. Waring, in his able brochu're 

 (quoted in the bibliography of this work), speaks very highly of 

 pomegranate root-bark, and also of kamala {Kdmeeld or Kdmald), 

 and he gives an account of several other more or less valuable 

 Indian anthelmintics, one of which is the Giselda pharmaceoides of 



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